Abstract
The archeological black earth (ABE) in Caxiuanã, Amazon, differs from the surrounding (AD) and underlying yellow latosols (YLS) through its black color, texture, abundance of organic matter and presence of archaeological artifacts. The ABE contains higher contents of quartz and lesser kaolinite than the yellow latosols. ABE exhibits a P–Mg–Ca–Sr–Ba–Cl–Mn–Zn–Cu geochemical signature, with anomalously low As. This signature can be related to anthropogenic activity. The YLS is characterized by the Fe–Ga–V–Cr–Pb–Nb–Zr–Sc–Cd–Co association which was not modified by the formation of ABE soil, although they were leached during hydromorphic soil formation in the southern part of the ABE exposures. Elements such Y, B and F show no variations throughout the entire area (including ABE and YLS).
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