Abstract
A multidisciplinary study of the sedimentology, geochemistry and mineralogy has been conducted to understand the linkage between marsh and alluvial sediments and also their potential sources in Eynak marsh, North of Iran. The influence of the upstream potential sources on recent sediment geochemistry has been discussed based on geochemical, sedimentological and mineralogical results. A spatial grain size distribution study was carried out to investigate the hydrodynamic and deposition system of the marsh. So, the surficial sediment sampling was carried out to describe the sedimentological parameters and elemental geochemistry of sediments in Eynak marsh. Mineralogical complexes are mainly made up of felsic minerals such as quartz, calcite, feldspar, pyrite, mica, and clay minerals (in very low values) indicated by high amounts of Al, Ca, and Ni. As expected, the mineralogy of sediments is controlled mainly by the rock formations. Also sediment textures are controlled by the hydrodynamic condition in the marsh. So its distribution has been influenced by distance from the entrance sediments to Eynak marsh. The results showed that there are no enrichments related to fine grain sediment distributions. An association of Al with the trace elements such as Sc, Y, La, Ce, and Zr indicates that their distributions are mainly controlled by the felsic rocks in the upstream. On the other side, due to the waste water entrance to the marsh, Ni and Pb concentration could be under the effects of anthropogenic activities around the marsh. Results represented high values for Mn concentration (min 462, max 1784 and average 1037 ppm) and it showed a significant correlation with Ca, Sr, and Mg. A redox habitat and constantly calm hydrodynamic circumstance in the study area, likely cause high concentration of Ca, Sr, and Mg, and Mn. And they are representing negative correlations with some elements such as Al, Be, Fe, K, and Na.
Highlights
Improvement of our understanding in the environmental and geomorphological changes’ effects on marshes and isolated waters is a critical step to address issues related to continental marshes and their responses to these changes
This paper focuses on understanding of sedimentology, mineralogy and geochemistry variation pattern in the riverine sediment of Eynak marsh (North of Iran)
Sedimentological, geochemical and mineralogical investigation was conducted in Eynak marsh to reconstruct the pathways of modern input from continental domain and to find out the sediment generation
Summary
Improvement of our understanding in the environmental and geomorphological changes’ effects on marshes and isolated waters is a critical step to address issues related to continental marshes and their responses to these changes. Regarding its capabilities in providing goods, marshes environments are classified as the most precious ecosystems on earth [2] [3]. Considering the effects of climate changes and human interferences, today the future of these important landforms and ecosystems seems to be at risk and it may cause possibly irreparable transformations [4]-[10]. Despite progress about geomorphology, sedimentology, accretionary processes and geochemistry, more work needs to be done to explain the sedimentology, stratigraphy and geochemistry of sediment in marshes on the subject of the evolution of the systems [1] [11] [12]
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