Abstract
In this study, the zonality method has been used to separate geochemical anomalies and to calculate erosional levels in the regional scale for porphyry-Cu deposit, Abrisham-Rud (Semnan province, East of Iran). In geochemical maps of multiplicative haloes, the co-existence of both the supra-ore elements and sub-ore elements local maxima implied blind mineralization in the northwest of the study area. Moreover, considering the calculated zonality indices and two previously presented geochemical models, E and NW of the study have been introduced as ZDM and BM, respectively. For comparison, the geological layer has been created by combining rock units, faults, and alterations utilizing the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm. The rock units and faults have been identified from the geological map; moreover, alterations have been detected by using remote sensing and ASTER images. In the geological layer map related to E of the study area, many parts have been detected as high potential areas; in addition, both geochemical and geological layer maps only confirmed each other at the south of this area and suggested this part as high potential mineralization. Therefore, high potential areas in the geological layer map could be related to the mineralization or not. Due to the incapability of the geological layer in identifying erosional levels, mineralogy investigation could be used to recognize this level; however, because of the high cost, mineralogy is not recommended for application on a regional scale. The findings demonstrated that the zonality method has successfully distinguished geochemical anomalies including BM and ZDM without dependent on alteration and was able to predict erosional levels. Therefore, this method is more powerful than the geological layer.
Highlights
The utilization of geochemical methods for ore deposit exploration dates back to1930
Mining geochemistry is a branch of applied geochemistry, which is based on the utilization of geochemical methods that helps increase the ore reserves of known mines by assessing the ore potential of deep horizons
The traditional zonality method has been used in the exploration of porphyry-Cu deposits for many years and is an effective method for the distinction between sub-ore and supra-ore halos, prediction of the erosional level of mineralization, and exploration of blind mineral deposits
Summary
The utilization of geochemical methods for ore deposit exploration dates back to. 1930. In most mineral exploration methods (e.g., porphyry-Cu), a mineral potential map is obtained by using one layer or a combination of different layers [26,27,28,29,30,31], which includes field geological surveys, geochemical surveys, field geophysical surveys, and remote sensing [32,33,34] This map consists of shallow to the deep layers, which poses a problem when these layers are not associated with mineralization. The results of the zonality method were compared with the geological layer including rock units, faults, and alterations For this goal, a part of the 1:100,000 scale map of Abrisham-Rud (Semnan province, East of Iran) was examined. The concentrations of Cu, Mo, Pb, and Zn were considered for this study
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