Abstract
Abstract. Broadening the scope of economic interests, together with the involvement of the strategic partner to resolve security issues, brings the dialogue between Ukraine and Turkey to a new level. This intensified negotiations on the establishment of a free trade area and the implementation of joint projects in the defense industry, cultural and humanitarian spheres. Thus, the study of priority areas of cooperation between Ukraine and Turkey in the Black Sea region for the effective realization of Ukraine’s geostrategic interests is becoming topical. The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the economic partnership between Ukraine and Turkey, to calculate the impact and to determine the advantages and prospects of a deeper bilateral trade liberalization. The methodology is based on assessment of export specialization; the characterization of the relative advantages by the RXA coefficient; the impact assessment of bilateral trade on economic development through a descriptive gravity model. The study found that high tariff barriers are now applied to Ukrainian exporters in the Turkish market. Total exports from Ukraine to Turkey declined by more than 30 per cent from 2011 to 2019, while the low value-added products dominate in the highly concentrated structure of export flows. On the contrary, Turkish exports to Ukraine are quite diversified. The top ten exports include machinery, electrical equipment, vehicles and knitwear. Ukrainian grains, oilseeds and oils, iron and steel, ore and rail transport have comparative advantages in the Turkish market. The military-industrial sector and IT are promising areas for export development and investment cooperation in the Ukrainian economy. Bilateral trade surpluses are in favor of Ukraine. The economic development of Ukraine significantly influences the volume of bilateral trade, according to the results of the descriptive gravity model. A $1 increase in Ukraine’s GDP will lead to an increase in bilateral trade by $0.8. This makes Ukraine much more interested in entering the Turkish market. Keywords: strategic partnership, free trade area, international trade, exports, customs tariffs, liberalization. JEL Classification F13 Formulas: 3; fig.: 4; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 21.
Highlights
As of 2021, Ukraine has integrated into Western structures, implemented models of regulation of certain industries, created anti-corruption institutions, signed and ratified the Association Agreement, received a visa-free regime and enshrined in the Constitution the course of European and Euro-Atlantic integration
At the stage of implementation of the basic requirements for Ukraine to move closer to the standards of democratic and economic development, the EU plunged into its own systemic crises, which narrows the format of strategic and economic partnership of our country
The aggravation of the security situation in the Black Sea region has given impetus to a new level of strategic dialogue between Ukraine and Turkey, the practical component of which today is the intensification of negotiations on a free trade zone, implementation of joint projects in defense-industrial and humanitarian spheres which in turn can become a springboard for the realization of the basic economic and geopolitical interests of both countries in the region
Summary
Ɋɨɡɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ ɫɮɟɪ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɿɜ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɿɡ ɡɚɥɭɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɜɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿ ɞɿɚɥɨɝ ɦɿɠ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɨɸ i Ɍɭɪɟɱɱɢɧɨɸ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɢɣ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ, ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɨɸ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɽ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɿɜ ɳɨɞɨ. Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɩɨɫɬɚɽ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɿɜ ɩɪɿɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨʀ ɫɩɿɜɩɪɚɰɿ ɦɿɠ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɨɸ ɿ Ɍɭɪɟɱɱɢɧɨɸ ɜ ɑɨɪɧɨɦɨɪɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɝɟɨɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ. Ɇɟɬɚ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ — ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɨɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɿ Ɍɭɪɟɱɱɢɧɢ ɡ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɨɦ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɟɮɟɤɬɭ ɬɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɝ ɿ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜ ɜɿɞ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɝɥɢɛɨɤɨʀ ɥɿɛɟɪɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɞɜɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɶɨʀ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɿ. Ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɨɰɿɧɤɚ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɝ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɤɨɟɮɿɰɿɽɧɬɚ RXA ɬɚ ɨɰɿɧɤɚ ɟɮɟɤɬɭ ɞɜɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɶɨʀ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɿ ɡ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɸ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɤɪɚʀɧ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɨɩɢɫɨɜɨʀ ɝɪɚɜɿɬɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ. Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɨɛɫɹɝ ɟɤɫɩɨɪɬɭ ɡ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɞɨ Ɍɭɪɟɱɱɢɧɢ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɡ 2011 ɞɨ 2019 ɪɪ. Ɂɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɨɩɢɫɨɜɨʀ ɝɪɚɜɿɬɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɿɲɟ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɨɛɫɹɝɢ ɞɜɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɶɨʀ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɿ.
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