Abstract
Recently, some promising advances have been achieved in understanding the chemistry, pharmacology, and action mechanisms of constituents from genus Caulophyllum. Despite this, there is to date no systematic review of those of genus Caulophyllum. This review covers naturally occurring alkaloids and saponins and those resulting from synthetic novel taspine derivatives. The paper further discussed several aspects of this genus, including pharmacological properties, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and cell membrane chromatography for activity screening. The aim of this paper is to provide a point of reference for pharmaceutical researchers to develop new drugs from constituents of Caulophyllum plants.
Highlights
Caulophyllum is a small genus of perennial herbs in the family Berberidaceae
Fluorenone alkaloid is a newly discovered alkaloid skeleton in natural products. 17–21, five new fluorenone alkaloids, were isolated from the same plant, suggesting that fluorenone type alkaloid is another kind of metabolites that existed in this genus Caulophyllum. 22 is a novel and rare naturally occurred dihydroazafluoranthene alkaloid, there are no reports about dihydroazafluoranthene alkaloid isolated from natural products except its novel core skeleton first isolated from coal tar [24]. 22 has the isoquinoline fragment, which is possible to be the conceivable precursor of different substituted fluorenone alkaloids
The present review discusses the chemistry and pharmacological aspects of the genus Caulophyllum and especially provides a detailed analysis of the literature published since the year of 2000
Summary
The genus Caulophyllum is well known for its diversity and pharmacological uses in traditional medicine system since ancient times. All species in this genus are very similar [1]. The primary function of blue cohosh in many native communities of North America was to induce childbirth, ease the pain of labor, rectify delayed or irregular menstruation, and alleviate heavy bleeding and pain during menstruation [4]. To date, there is no systematic review of chemistry, pharmacology, and action mechanisms of constituents from genus Caulophyllum. The different structures of the alkaloids and saponins in genus Caulophyllum are described, including naturally occurring constituents and synthetical taspine derivatives. Various perspectives and existing problems for this genus are offered for consideration
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