Abstract
A phenomenological extraction of pressure within the proton has recently been performed using JLab CLAS data (arXiv:2104.02031 [nucl-ex]). The extraction used a 3-dimensional Breit frame description in which the initial and final proton states have different momenta. Instead, we obtain the two-dimensional transverse light front pressure densities that incorporate relativistic effects arising from the boosts that cause the initial and final states to differ. The mechanical radius is then determined to be $0.518~ \pm 0.062_{\mathrm{fit}} \pm 0.126_{\mathrm{sys}}~\mathrm{fm}$, which is smaller than the electric charge radius and larger than the light front momentum radius. The forces within the proton are shown to be predominantly repulsive at distances less than $0.43~\pm 0.12~\mathrm{fm}$ from the center, and predominantly attractive further out.
Highlights
The goal of determining the magnitude and spatial distribution of forces within hadrons has garnered great recent interest [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
Information about internal forces within hadrons is encoded in the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) [1,9,10], which contains information about the decomposition and distribution of energy via a form factor, AðtÞ [11,12,13,14,15,16] and angular momentum via a form factor, JðtÞ [17,18,19]
The obtained three-dimensional pressure distribution does not incorporate relativistic effects caused by boosts that must be incorporated when tR2 ∼ 1, where R is a measure of the size of the system
Summary
The goal of determining the magnitude and spatial distribution of forces within hadrons has garnered great recent interest [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. The relativistic effects due to boosts can be incorporated into spatial densities by using light front coordinates and defining the density at fixed light front time [10,21,22,23,24]. This can be done because the Poincaregroup has a. The formalism for using light front coordinates to obtain a relativistically correct pressure density was explicated in Ref. We use the light front formalism to obtain a relativistically correct pressure density from the Jefferson Lab DðtÞ extraction
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