Abstract

We propose to use Lee–Yang theory of phase transitions as a practical tool to analyze experimentally anisotropic flow in nucleus–nucleus collisions. We argue that this method is more reliable than any other method, and that it is the natural way to analyze collective effects.

Highlights

  • We propose to use Lee-Yang theory of phase transitions as a practical tool to analyze experimentally anisotropic flow in nucleus-nucleus collisions

  • Anisotropic flow is defined as a correlation between the azimuthal angle φ of an outgoing particle and the azimuthal angle ΦR of the impact parameter, which is best characterized by the Fourier coefficients of the single-particle distribution [6]: vn ≡ cos n(φ − ΦR)

  • N is a positive integer and angular brackets denote an average over many particles belonging to some phase-space region, and over many collisions having approximately the same impact parameter

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Summary

Introduction

We propose to use Lee-Yang theory of phase transitions as a practical tool to analyze experimentally anisotropic flow in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The standard method for analyzing anisotropic flow is to correlate particles with an estimate of ΦR [9]. It will be shown that the results are perfectly stable with respect to nonflow correlations, which involve a smaller number of particles.

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