Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the prevalent gynecological cancers occurring in women. In particular, the efficiency of standard therapeutic methods decreases when recurrence and chemoresistance ensue. To assist standard anti-cancer agents in the cure of ovarian cancer, development and application of new compounds such as small molecules or natural products are required. Gentisyl alcohol is one of the secondary metabolites that can be obtained by purification from bacteria or fungi and is known to have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-cancer effects. In the present study, we verified the effect of gentisyl alcohol derived from marine Arthrinium sp. on suppressing proliferation and inducing apoptosis via DNA fragmentation in human ovarian cancers cells (ES2 and OV90 cells). We also confirmed that there was an accumulation of sub-G1 cells and a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential with calcium dysregulation in gentisyl alcohol-treated ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, gentisyl alcohol up-regulated signal transduction of MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Collectively, our results demonstrated the possibility of gentisyl alcohol as a novel therapeutic agent for human ovarian cancer.
Highlights
Ovarian cancer is one of the most fatal and common gynecological tumors, which is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women [1]
Our results indicated that the JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨ) using JC-1 dye, which is converted from a green monomer in gentisyl alcohol-treated ES2 and OV90 cells was increased by approximately 428.0% and monomer to a red aggregate in line with the MMP function
There are limited data regarding the effects of gentisyl alcohol in cancers and other diseases
Summary
Ovarian cancer is one of the most fatal and common gynecological tumors, which is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women [1]. We dealt with human epithelial ovarian ES2 (clear cell carcinoma) and OV90 (high-grade serous carcinoma) cells, the cancers of which occupy about 10% and 70% of incidence in epithelial ovarian cancers, respectively [2]. Due to these limitations of early diagnosis, most of the patients reach an advanced stage of cancer, and the five-year. Drugs 2019, 17, 331 occupy about 10% and 70% of incidence in epithelial ovarian cancers, respectively [2] Due to these limitations of early diagnosis, most of the patients reach an advanced stage of cancer, and the fivesurvival rate drops to less than ovarian cancer shows a highshows rate ofarecurrence year survival rate drops to 30%
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