Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether Moringa oleifera (MOR) leaf powder, have a modulatory effect against gentamicin (GEN)-induced nephrotoxicity in chickens or not. Twenty laying hens were equally divided into four groups: First group (CON) received standard basal diet only. Second group (GEN) was injected with GEN (50mg/kg body weight, intramuscularly (i.m.), twice daily, for 5 consecutive days). Third group (GEN+MOR) was supplemented with MOR leaf powder (10gm/kg diet) daily for 12 consecutive days and injected with GEN (50mg/kg body weight, i.m., twice daily, for 5 consecutive days) starting from the day 8. Fourth group (MOR) was supplemented with MOR leaf powder (10gm/kg diet) daily for 12 consecutive days. GEN administration increased serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and malonaldehyde (MDA) and decreased total protein, albumin, reduced glutathione (GSH) content as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activities indicating nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, histopathological findings revealed marked tubular vacuolar degeneration, focal interstitial mononuclear cells infiltrations, congestion, focal cystic change and tubular necrosis in GEN-treated kidneys. However, MOR leaf powder supplementation with GEN administration caused significant decrease of serum Cr, BUN, and MDA and increase of total protein, albumin, GSH, SOD, GPx, and CAT compared with GEN alone. Moreover, GEN+MOR treated group showed slight focal interstitial mononuclear cells infiltrations in renal tissues. These findings suggested that dietary supplementation of MOR leaf powder may prevent or reduce the GEN-induced nephrotoxicity.
Highlights
Antibiotics are used on a large scale to treat or prevent infections in poultry industry
Chickens treated with GEN alone showed significant increase in the serum levels of Cr and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) compared to control group and Moringa oleifera (MOR)
Supplementation of MOR leaf powder in the GEN+MOR-treated group significantly reduced the serum levels of Cr and BUN compared to GENtreated group (p
Summary
Antibiotics are used on a large scale to treat or prevent infections in poultry industry. GEN is effective against many gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria It resulted in nephrotoxicity even when birds are treated with low doses (Flammer, 1994). Several recent studies had shown that co-treatment with different antioxidants is useful for prevention or amelioration of GEN-induced nephrotoxicity (Kadkhodaee et al, 2007; Karadeniz et al, 2008; Koyner et al, 2008; Yaman and Balikci, 2010 and Kang et al, 2013). The present study was designed to investigate the possible modulatory effect of MOR leaf powder against GEN-induced nephrotoxicity in chickens. The third group (GEN+MOR) was given MOR leaf powder (10gm/kg diet/day) for 12 consecutive days and injected with GEN (50mg/kg body weight, i.m., twice daily, for 5 consecutive days) starting from the day 8. Serum was separated from clotted blood by centrifugation at 3,000 x g for 20 minutes and stored at -20 oC until use
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