Abstract
Globally, Rotavirus is the common major etiologic agents of diarrhea in infant, young children and neonatal calves. It is very important to early diagnose the disease for effective treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, molecular characteristics, and the effect of rotavirus strains for severe gastroenteritis in neonatal calves in five Iraqi governorates (Al-Qadissiya, Babel, Kerbala, Missan, Wassit). A total of 125-stool specimens were examined, it have been collected from calves form the period between November 2015 to March 2016. The ages were ranging from 6 to 60 weeks. The specimens were examined using Chromatographic Immunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Polymerase-chain reaction (PCR). Our results gave us 67 (53.6%) positive by chromatographic immunoassay, 45 (36%) positive by ELISA and 32 (25.6%) positive by PCR. Genotyping were analyzed by multiplex PCR. Genotype combination G1P[8] was (30%) followed by G1P[4] (20%), G3P[4] (20%), G2P[4] (10%), G2P[8] (10%) and G9P[4] (10%). Such information will not only aid in seeking advocacy for introducing rotavirus vaccine in national immunization program in Iraq, but will also help in the evaluation of the efficacy of these vaccines in relation to the rotavirus genotyping circulation.
Highlights
The wheel-like (Latin rota = wheel) particles of rotavirus were first determined as a human pathogen in 1973 by Bishop Ruth [1]
Viral pathogens account for approximately 70% of episodes of acute infectious diarrhea in children, and rotavirus is the most commonly implicated virus, Group A rotaviruses are responsible for 30% - 60% of all cases of severe watery diarrhea in young children and animals [2]
A total of 125 stool samples obtained From November 2015 to March 2016, from neonatal calves with acute gastroenteritis were randomly collected at 5 Iraqi governorates, for each governorates 25 samples have been taken (Babel, Kerbala, Missan, Qadissiya, and Wassit). 10 gm of yellow to white liquid with fatty droplet feces were examined under microscope and collected directly into sterile disposable plastic containers by rectal stimulation stored in a cool box and transported to the laboratory, where each sample was added to specimen collection tube with extraction buffer that used in chromatographic immunoassay
Summary
Viral pathogens account for approximately 70% of episodes of acute infectious diarrhea in children, and rotavirus is the most commonly implicated virus, Group A rotaviruses are responsible for 30% - 60% of all cases of severe watery diarrhea in young children and animals [2]. Since there are many combinations of P and G genotypes in bovine group A rotavirus (BRV), research into the genotyping of BRV is very important for preventive veterinary medicine and, for the development of a vaccine. It is important from the point of view of ecology and public health, because interspecies transmission from cattle to humans and from humans to cattle have been reported. Rotavirus P[11], G10 strains, which are commonly found in cattle had frequently been associated with asymptomatic neonatal infections in Tamil Nadu, India [6]
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