Abstract
CTX-M-producing bacteria are known as a resistant source against oxyimino-cephalosporin such as cefotaxime and ceftazidime; although laboratory diagnosis of this gene has not been properly defined. The aims of this study are determining the rates of prevalence of CTX-M and CTX-M group 1 in the Escherichia coli (E. coli) obtained from urinary tract infections (UTI), and also determining their genetic relationship in the city of Sanandaj. In current study, 180 E. coli strains isolated from urinary tract infections were used. Sensitivity to common antibiotics was studied by the disc diffusion method. Phenotypic detection of isolated ESBL-producing starins was done by the combination disc test. CTX-M and CTX-M1 genes were detected using the PCR method and finally, the possible clonal relationship between isolates was determined using the REP-PCR method. 89 samples were ESBL-positive. The PCR assay used for detecting the CTX-M gene, showed that 48 samples out of 180 samples (26.66%) contained that gene; also among these 48 samples, 23 (12.77%) had CTX-M group 1. Based on the REP-PCR assay, 48 genotypes among 48 samples were CTX-M-positive. Results from the REP-PCR assay indicated that the clonal propagation theory of one epidemic strain of Escherichia coli is not apply, i.e. all CTX-M-producing species are not originated from one single strain and the gene is spread between different isolates. Therefore, hospitals and their employees must be more hygiene and, proper disposal of hospital waste can help to prevent the spread of different resistances.
Highlights
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were reported for the first time in Germany 1983 [1]
The aims of this study are determining the rates of prevalence of CTX-M and CTX-M group 1 in the Escherichia coli (E. coli) obtained from urinary tract infections (UTI), and determining their genetic relationship in the city of Sanandaj
The rates of prevalence of urinary tract infection based on sex and age are shown in Figure 1 and it is logical that UTIs are more prevalent in women
Summary
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were reported for the first time in Germany 1983 [1]. CTX-M genes are usually found on plasmids and derivative chromosomes of Beta-lactamase genes are from the Kluyvera spp. genus which are created by “multiple delivery mechanisms” [2] [5] These plasmids are spread among microbial populations and they carry the resistant genes against other antibiotics such as aminoglycoside acetyltransferases and dihydropteroate synthases or other beta-lactamases [6]. This increase in resistance, to a large extend, is due to the spread of E. coli bacteria and Klebsiella pneumonia that carry CTX-M [7]. Repetitive Element Palindromic PCR (REP-PCR) is a suitable method for proliferation of repetitive elements of bacterial DNA, with the following characteristics: 1) low costs, 2) high discriminatory power, 3) high speed, and 4) reliable tool for typing and classification of a wide range of Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria [8] [9]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
