Abstract
The genus Eragrostis consists of 350 species, including tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter), the only cultivated species in this genus. Very little is known about the genetic potential of these species for tef improvement and genomics research. Here, we investigated a germplasm panel consisting of 40 Eragrostis species and 42 tef lines with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data generated using the genotyping by sequencing (GBS) protocol. Thousands of SNPs were identified genome-wide from the germplasm panel. High-quality SNPs were used to assess sequence similarity and/or divergence, genetic diversity, population structure, and phylogenetic relationships. Mapping individual reads to the tef reference genome revealed that of the 40 wild Eragrostis species included in this study, E. pilosa, E. aethiopica, E. obtusa, E. ferruginea, E. lugens, and E. lehmanniana had 92% of their sequences represented in the tef reference genome. In the maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis, these wild species clearly showed grouping in the clade consisting of the entire tef germplasm. Population structure analysis showed two major clusters consistent with the germplasm class information and the inferred phylogenetic relationships. The wild Eragrostis species were more diverse than the tef cultivars and could therefore potentially be used to enrich the tef gene pool. The SNP dataset and the results documented here are taxonomically the most inclusive to date and could be a useful informational tool for the design of genomics-informed tef breeding and research.
Highlights
IntroductionIts dominance over other major cereal crops such as wheat and barley comes from its resilience to poor growth conditions [1], highest market prices among cereals [2], and use as human food and animal feed
Tef is the socially and agriculturally dominant crop in Ethiopia
We found a trend of increasing number of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) as the length
Summary
Its dominance over other major cereal crops such as wheat and barley comes from its resilience to poor growth conditions [1], highest market prices among cereals [2], and use as human food and animal feed. These qualities and uses make tef the iconic national cereal of Ethiopia. It is estimated that injera, the pancake-like fermented flatbread produced from tef flour, is consumed daily by over 70 million people in Ethiopia. Tef is cultivated on over 3 million hectares of land, with an estimated annual production of over. In Ethiopia, tef is cultivated mainly during the main growing season, from
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