Abstract
Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was used to analyze relationships among cowpea and asparagus bean landraces from southern Italy and to assess the utility of this technology to study taxonomy in a wider panel, including V. unguiculata cultigroups, subspecies, and other Vigna species. The analysis of SNPs derived from GBS highlighted that, among the cowpea landraces, the African samples were separated from the other material, while, for the Italian landraces, a certain clustering depending on seed color/pattern was observed in the dendrogram. When examining the V. unguiculata species complex, a clear separation between the two groups of wild subspecies, i.e., the allogamous wild perennials and the perennial out/inbreds, could be observed, the former representing the more ancestral wild progenitors of V. unguiculata. The species V. vexillata appeared more closely related to V. unguiculata than to the other Vigna species analyzed.
Highlights
The genus Vigna Savi belongs to the botanic family of Fabaceae
Variety unguiculata is further divided in five cultigroups, based primarily on seed and pod characters: Unguiculata grown as a pulse and as a vegetable, Biflora mainly used as a forage, Sesquipedalis grown as a vegetable, Textilis cultivated for the fibres of its long floral peduncles [7], and Melanophthalmus [8,9] (Figure 1)
A smaller vcf file was created by extracting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) information from the 43 accessions belonging to the species V. unguiculata (Table S1)
Summary
The genus Vigna Savi belongs to the botanic family of Fabaceae. As modified by Maréchal et al [1], subsequently partially by Pasquet [2,3], and amended by Maxted et al [4], the genus Vigna contains about 100 species distributed among six subgenera: Vigna, Haydonia, Plectotropis, Ceratotropis, Lasiospron, and Sigmoidotropis, after the relocation of the subgenus Macrorynchus to the genus Wajira [5]. Species, encompassing 11 subspecies (Figure 1), 10 of which are wild. Unguiculata includes wild annuals, which are classified as var. Variety unguiculata is further divided in five cultigroups, based primarily on seed and pod characters: Unguiculata (cowpea or black-eyed bean) grown as a pulse and as a vegetable, Biflora (catjang) mainly used as a forage, Sesquipedalis (yardlong or asparagus bean) grown as a vegetable, Textilis cultivated for the fibres of its long floral peduncles [7], and Melanophthalmus [8,9] (Figure 1)
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