Genotypic Variation under Fe Deficiency Results in Rapid Changes in Protein Expressions and Genes Involved in Fe Metabolism and Antioxidant Mechanisms in Tomato Seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.).

Sowbiya Muneer,Byoung Jeong

doi:10.3390/ijms161226086

Sowbiya Muneer, Byoung Jeong

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161226086

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Abstract

To investigate Fe deficiency tolerance in tomato cultivars, quantification of proteins and genes involved in Fe metabolism and antioxidant mechanisms were performed in “Roggusanmaru” and “Super Doterang”. Fe deficiency (Moderate, low and –Fe) significantly decreased the biomass, total, and apoplastic Fe concentration of “Roggusanmaru”, while a slight variation was observed in “Super Doterang” cultivar. The quantity of important photosynthetic pigments such as total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents significantly decreased in “Roggusanmaru” than “Super Doterang” cultivar. The total protein profile in leaves and roots determines that “Super Doterang” exhibited an optimal tolerance to Fe deficiency compared to “Roggusanmaru” cultivar. A reduction in expression of PSI (photosystem I), PSII (photosystem II) super-complexes and related thylakoid protein contents were detected in “Roggusanmaru” than “Super Doterang” cultivar. Moreover, the relative gene expression of SlPSI and SlPSII were well maintained in “Super Doterang” than “Roggusanmaru” cultivar. The relative expression of genes involved in Fe-transport (SlIRT1 and SlIRT2) and Fe(III) chelates reductase oxidase (SlFRO1) were relatively reduced in “Roggusanmaru”, while increased in “Super Doterang” cultivar under Fe deficient conditions. The H+-ATPase relative gene expression (SlAHA1) in roots were maintained in “Super Doterang” compared to “Roggusanmaru”. Furthermore, the gene expressions involved in antioxidant defense mechanisms (SlSOD, SlAPX and SlCAT) in leaves and roots showed that these genes were highly increased in “Super Doterang”, whereas decreased in “Roggusanmaru” cultivar under Fe deficiency. The present study suggested that “Super Doterang” is better tomato cultivar than “Roggusanmaru” for calcareous soils.

Highlights

Fe is an essential element for appropriate growth and development of plants [1]
Phytosiderophores are subsequently taken via Yellow stripe transporter 1 (YS1) transporters which belong to OPT and the transport of Fe(III) chelate via Yellow stripe transporter 1 (YS1) transporter might be a proton coupled transport [10,11]
Plant GrowFethshPoartraagme ecateurssed no marked effect on the dry weight of “Super Doterang” tomato cultivars, 2w. hRielesuinlt“sRoggusanmaru” tomato cultivars, dry weight was decreased by 12% in moderate and low

Summary

Introduction

Fe is an essential element for appropriate growth and development of plants [1]. Fe is called a redox metal for physiological and metabolic processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogen metabolism, hormone biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species scavenging, osmoprotection and pathogenic defense [2,3,4], Fe is the most abundant element on earth but has very low solubility in oxygenated solutions [5,6]. To investigate the Fe deficiency problems, binary Fe acquisition mechanisms (Strategy I and Strategy II) are developed in higher plants [9]. Phytosiderophores are subsequently taken via Yellow stripe transporter 1 (YS1) transporters which belong to OPT (oligopeptide transporter) and the transport of Fe(III) chelate via Yellow stripe transporter 1 (YS1) transporter might be a proton coupled transport [10,11]. The phytosiderophores scavenge Fe, resulting in the formation of soluble Fe3+ complexes that can be taken up by active transport mechanisms [12,13]. In Strategy I plants, plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity increases to extrude the proton gradient for ion uptake [14]. Strategy I plants increase the activity of electrochemical gradient for ion uptake and mobilize the apoplastic and rhizospheric Fe(III) pools, which are poorly soluble at neutral or alkaline pH

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