Genotypic relatedness of yeasts in thrush and denture stomatitis

Abstract

Candida is an opportunistic pathogen. Understanding its genetic characters might increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of candidosis. We examined the genetic relationships of yeasts from the most common forms of oral candidosis: thrush and denture stomatitis. Yeasts were sampled from palate, buccal mucosa, gingival sulci/periodontal pockets and/or denture fitting surface of 19 thrush patients and 22 denture stomatitis patients. Random amplified polymorphic DNA and the Dendron computer-assisted program were used to determine the genotypic relatedness of the yeasts. A dendrogram generated from 105 thrush isolates had similarity coefficients (S(AB)) ranging from 0.58 to 1 with four clusters derived at S(AB) 68%. Another dendrogram was generated from 91 isolates from denture stomatitis, with S(AB) ranging from 0.59 to 1. Three clusters were established at S(AB) 71%. In a composite dendrogram incorporating the thrush and denture stomatitis data and orally healthy data compiled from a previous study, five genotypic clusters were generated at S(AB) 68%. Cluster II, the most dominant, comprised isolates from thrush, denture stomatitis and healthy conditions, while clusters III and IV contained yeasts mainly from thrush. Palatal yeast carriage was significantly increased in thrush and denture stomatitis, also after radiation, chemotherapy and denture wearing. The buccal mucosa was favorable for yeast colonization regardless of oral condition. Yeasts in thrush were more diverse than in conditions of oral health. The common clone (II) of infecting yeasts and commensals suggested that commensals could induce thrush and denture stomatitis, whereas the unique clones in thrush (III, IV) might have been established through strain replacement or maintenance with minor genetic variation.