Abstract
The study was performed to determine genotypic differences in spring barley cultivars on resistance to 1.1 mM manganese and 1.2 mM iron at early stage of growth. Resistance level was estimated by morphologic (root length) and physiological (level of antioxidant activity, accumulation coefficient) parameters. Morphologic trait was less sensitive for cultivar differentiation in compare with physiological one. Based on relative root length index all cultivars were classified as resistant having resistance index about 80-94% for Mn and 67-76% for Fe. Reaction to Mn by change in antioxidant activity was uniform: it was increased from 4% in cv. Bionic up to 28% in cv. Farmer. According to reactions to Fe, studied cultivars were divided into three groups: high resistant (cv. Belgorodsky 100 and Farmer; increase in antioxidant activity 2 and 18% accordingly), weak resistant (cv. Forward, Bionic, and 29-11; changes were insignificant) and sensitive one (cv. 346-09; 8%-decrease in activity). For manganese accumulation coefficient is higher than for iron. The maximum accumulation coefficient for manganese was characteristic of cv. 29-11 (190), for iron - cv. Bionic (120). The genotypic specificity for root antioxidant activity can be used as a rapid test of resistance to manganese or iron in initial breeding material.
Highlights
Creation of highly productive genotypes of agricultural crops resistant to adverse environmental factors including heavy metal pollution has become a major global problem of plant breeding
By relative root length (RRL) value, according to Navacode et al scale [9], all studied cultivars can be classified as resistant (RRL is above 60%)
Farmer according to this parameter can be considered the most Mn-stress resistant; the least resistant one were cultivars 29-11 and Bionic, which increased the level of antioxidant activity by only 4-5%
Summary
Creation of highly productive genotypes of agricultural crops resistant to adverse environmental factors including heavy metal pollution has become a major global problem of plant breeding. Manganese and iron refer to elements whose solubility increases with decrease of soil solution pH: maximum amounts of manganese are noted at рН < 5.5 [2]; iron solubility increases by a thousand times at decrease of pH from 5 to 4 [3]. Excessive concentrations of manganese and iron contribute to both slowing plant growth and changing biochemical processes such as the generation of oxidative stress; disorder of photosynthesis, respiration, biosynthesis of chlorophyll; disturbance of suction and movement of mineral elements; all these disorders eventually lead to plant death [4, 5]
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