Abstract
BackgroundSalmonella is one of the most important foodborne pathogens, causing outbreaks of human salmonellosis worldwide. Owing to large scales of consumption markets, pork and poultry that contaminated by Salmonella could pose a tremendous threat to public health. The aim of this study was to investigate the contamination of Salmonella from chicken, pork and the environment in slaughtering and retail processes in Chongqing, China.ResultsA total of 115 Salmonella isolates were recovered from 1112 samples collected from pork, chicken and the environment. Compared with the isolation rate of samples from chicken (9.50%) and the environment (6.23%), samples from pork had a significant higher isolation rate (44.00%). The isolation rates in slaughterhouses (10.76%) and in supermarkets (10.07%) showed no statistical difference. Thirty different serotypes were identified among all the isolates. S. Derby (n = 26), S. London (n = 16) and S. Rissen (n = 12) were the dominant serotypes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 73.04% isolates were resistant to tetracycline, followed by 66.96% to ampicillin and 59.13% to doxycycline. More than half (50.43%) of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR), and most of the MDR isolates were from supermarkets. Multilocus sequence typing results showed 24 out of 115 isolates were ST40, which was the most prevalent. Furthermore, isolates from supermarkets had 20 different sequence types while isolates from slaughterhouses only had 8 different sequence types.ConclusionOur study highlighted that Salmonella was more frequently isolated in pork production chain than that in chicken. Compared with isolates from slaughterhouses, isolates from supermarkets had more MDR profiles and represented a wider range of serotypes and sequence types, indicating that the retail process had more diverse sources of Salmonella contamination than that of slaughtering process.
Highlights
Salmonella is one of the most important foodborne pathogens, causing outbreaks of human salmonellosis worldwide
Isolation and serotyping of Salmonella from samples A total of 115 Salmonella isolates were recovered from 1112 samples collected from slaughterhouses and supermarkets, the isolation rates form pork, chicken and the environment were 44.00, 9.50 and 6.23%, respectively
Within the different sources of environmental samples, Salmonellae were isolated only from floor, knives and tables at slaughterhouses, but isolated from all the sources of environmental samples at supermarkets, especially chopping boards and ice (Table 2). These results indicated that the environment in supermarkets had more diverse contamination sources than that in slaughterhouses
Summary
Salmonella is one of the most important foodborne pathogens, causing outbreaks of human salmonellosis worldwide. Owing to large scales of consumption markets, pork and poultry that contaminated by Salmonella could pose a tremendous threat to public health. The aim of this study was to investigate the contamination of Salmonella from chicken, pork and the environment in slaughtering and retail processes in Chongqing, China. Contamination by Salmonella in slaughtering and retail processes of chicken and pork could be a potential pathway to threat public health. Antibiotics are widely used to improve human and animal health, and are commonly incorporated into animal feed to improve growth rate and feed efficiency in many countries [5, 6] A previous report showed that China approximately consumed more than 162,000 tons of antibiotics annually, and husbandry industry account for 52.00% of the total consumption. Drug-resistant Salmonella, especially multidrug-resistant Salmonella, has been a menace to food safety and human health
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