Abstract
Valeriana jatamansi Jones is an aromatic medicinal herb and important alternative to V. officinalis, which is utilized for medicinal purposes in China and India and also as spices in India. Bioactive ingredients of V. jatamansi vary in different regions. However, no information is currently available on influence of genotype and environmental factors in the volatile compounds, especially when germplasms and planting locations need to be selected. Based on the results of SNP and volatile constituents from GC-MS analysis, this study found various genotypes and chemotypes of V. jatamansi for wild plants from seven regions in China and common-garden samples; correlations between genotype and chemotype were revealed for the plants. Two distinct populations (PX, FY) were distinguishable from five others (GJ, YL, SY, DD, DY) according to their genotypes and volatile profiles, the consistency of which was observed showing that genotype could significantly influence chemotype. Wild populations and common-garden samples were also separated in their volatile profiles, demonstrating that environmental factors strongly affected their chemotypes. Compounds contributing to the discrimination were identified as discriminatory compounds. This investigation has explored and provided essential information concerning the correlation between genotype and chemotype as well as environmental factors and chemotype of V. jatamansi in some regions of China. Feasible plantation and conservation strategies of V. jatamansi could be further explored based on these results.
Highlights
Biogenesis of essential oil occurs widely across the plant kingdom and is important for plant physiology in terms of metabolism and preset developmental differentiation programme of the synthesizing tissue (Chappell, 1995; Sangwan et al, 2001)
V. jatamansi is widely distributed throughout temperate Himalayan region and southwestern areas of China, the origin plants of Valerianae jatamansi Rhizoma et Radix used for medicinal purposes are traditionally collected in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces
Two genotypicaly different groups were found for V. jatamansi based on genetic analysis and the volatile chemotypes of such groups were dependent upon their genotypic features and environmental factors
Summary
Biogenesis of essential oil occurs widely across the plant kingdom and is important for plant physiology in terms of metabolism and preset developmental differentiation programme of the synthesizing tissue (Chappell, 1995; Sangwan et al, 2001). As an essential part of plant metabolism, the biosynthesis of essential oil may depend on both the genetic backgrounds and environmental effects (Chappell, 1995; Sangwan et al, 2001). Valerianae Jatamansi Rhizoma et Radix is indexed in Chinese Pharmacopeia (Part 1) in the 1977, 2010, and 2015 editions as a traditional Chinese medicine for gastrointestinal diseases and anxiety. It is prepared from naturally dried rhizome and root of perennial herb V. jatamansi Jones, which is widely distributed throughout temperate Himalayan region and southwestern areas of China (Ming et al, 1997; Jugran et al, 2013). Essential oils commonly used as spices in India had both antioxidant and insecticidal activities whereas iridoids and sesquiterpenoids showed moderate neuroprotective effects and inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (Rana and Sharma, 2000; Xu et al, 2011; Dong et al, 2015), respectively
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