Abstract
The present study was performed to analyze the genotype x environment (G×E) interaction for fruit yield of 5 genotypes in four environments; Ikom, Calabar, Obubra and Obudu located at different agro-ecological zones of Cross River State. The cucumber genotypes were grown in randomized complete block design in three replicates in 2015 cropping season. The yield data was analyzed using additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype plus genotype by environment (GGE). Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis of variance showed statistically significant effect of genotypes, environments and the genotype x environment interaction (P < 0.01%). The environment explained 59.59%which showed high differences in variety response to different locations tested. Genotype (G) and genotype x environment interaction (G x E) accounted 15.83% and 11.89% respectively. The first interaction principal component axis (IPCA1) was significant (P < 0.01) except the (IPCA 2) and explained 11.50% and 0.36% of the G X E sum of squares respectively. The Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction stability value (ASV) showed that significant difference existed in the G x E component. Based on the stability parameters, it revealed that none of the genotypes were stable for fruit yield, however according to ASV, and GGE Bi-plot graphical representation, Ashley genotype in relative terms was stable. The genotypes Poinsett (48.43 t ha-1) , Ashley(47.49 t ha-1) and Marketer (41.66 t ha-1) were considered to have adaptability to favorable environments, while Market More (MM 13.97t ha-1) and Super Marketer (SM 16.66 t ha-1) adapted to unfavorable conditions for fruit yield. Based on AMMI and GGE bi-plot, ASL had the widest adaptation and was considered as the ideal genotype, whereas P.ST showed specific adaptation. The ideal environments were IKOM (66.85 t ha-1) and OBURA (56.93 t ha-1). Through the GGE bi-plot and AMMI analysis, the superior genotypes identified could serve as references for genotype evaluation and inclusion in further testing in other seasons and environments.Keywords: Environment, Genotype, Interaction, Stability and Yield
Highlights
Cucumber (CucumissativusL) is an economically important crop in the family,Cucurbitaceae.There are seventy genera and seven hundred and fifty species of cucumberswithin the family (Thoa, 1998 and Best, 2000)
The results of the combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) for both growth and yield parameters of the five genotypes over four environments revealed differences in sources of variations of which environment (E) and genotype (G) for all the characters measured were highly significant at P< 0.01 except for genotype fruit diameter(Table 1).The G x E was not significant at both (P
Among all the yield characters studied, genotype (G) and interaction (G x E) were not significant in fruit diameter (FD). They were significant in numbers of fruits per plot (NFP), fruit length (FL) fruit weight (FW) and total fruit yield (TFY) in tonnes per hectare (Table 1)
Summary
Cucumber (CucumissativusL) is an economically important crop in the family,Cucurbitaceae.There are seventy genera and seven hundred and fifty species of cucumberswithin the family (Thoa, 1998 and Best, 2000). Cucumber origin is traced to Asia and Africa where it has been utilized for over 3,300 years, great number of cultivars have emerged and are widely grown and are consumed globally (Hector et al, 1989). There are three main types of cucumber which include; slicing, pickling and burp types within which several cultivars have been developed.Cucumber is the second largest of all cucurbits and the fourth most cultivated vegetable globally (Jack et al, 2008). The nutritional profile of cucumber has revealed that cucumber provides phytonutrients which are beneficiary to health. These include flavonoids (such as apigenin, luteolin, quercetin and kaempferol), lignans (such as pinoresinol, lariciresinol and seciosolariciresinol) and triterpenes (cucurbitacines A, B and C).
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