Abstract
Abstract Fifty wheat genotypes were evaluated at nine diverse locations in India to identify high-yielding and stable genotypes. The analysis of variance based on additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) indicated significant genotype, environment and genotype - environment (GE) interactions, with a total variation of 5.99, 20.23 and 73.77%, respectively. A biplot-AMMI analysis and yield stability index incorporating the AMMI stability value and yield in a single non-parametric index were used to discriminate the genotypes with highest and stable yield; the genotypes G135, G125, G104, G112 and G144 were found to be promising. Two mega environments (ME) were identified based on GGE (genotype and GE interaction) biplot analysis and the genotypes G119 and G120 and G107, G148 and G146 performed best in the mega-environments ME I and ME II, respectively. Both approaches allowed the identification of stable genotypes (G112 and G135), which can be included in the national testing program, with a view to release a new variety.
Highlights
Worldwide as well as in India, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the second most important food grain crop after rice
The AMMI model is widely used in stability analysis as it provides an initial diagnosis of the model to be fit into multi environmental evaluation, allows a partitioning of the GxE interaction and explains patterns and relationships between genotypes and environments (Zobel et al 1988, Crossa et al.1990)
A large sum of squares for environments indicated that the environments were diverse, with large differences among environmental means causing most of the variation in grain yield, indicating that environment has a strong influence on grain yield (Tonk et al 2011, Munaro et al 2014, Alam et al 2015)
Summary
Worldwide as well as in India, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the second most important food grain crop after rice. The importance of a sustained increase in wheat production and productivity for food security is well recognized in India, where wheat is a major staple food crop for the ever-increasing human population. Multilocation trials are a key component of selection for stable and best-performing genotypes in different environments (Ahmadi et al 2012, Oral et al 2018, Tekdal and Kendal 2018). The grain yield, the final product of any crop, is determined by the genotypic potential (G), environmental effect (E) and the genotype x environment (GE) interaction (Yan and Kang 2002). In case of an effect of the GE interaction, the selection of genotypes based on the mean yield is inadequate (Sharifi et al 2017)
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