Abstract
In order to determine the desirable line for chickpea rainfed sowing, seven local lines (K- 6, G- 35, D- 15, F-20, B -17,H- 45 and M- 20) were selected from Syrian chickpea landraces. These lines were grown during two seasons 2006 /2007- 2007 / 2008 at two different locations (Tal-sandal: with a mean annual precipitation of 475mm, Harran: with amean annual precipitation of only 300 mm). Genotype-environment interaction and genetic parameter were studied forseed yield per plant /g, days to maturity and protein content.The results showed that effect of location (L) and season (E) was highly significant (P < 0.01) while the interactionamong Locations, Seasons and Genotypes ( L x E x G) was not significant (P > 0.05).The heritability for protein content varied from (0.83) to (0.93) that indicated the presence of a considerable proportionof total variability due to genetic causes. A high genetic advance (GA) (51.5 to 62.7) % was achieved for seeds yield perplant. The environmental variance (?2e) was very low for days to maturity and protein content. The differences betweengenotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV) coefficient of variability were very small.The results recommended to selection line M-20 that was the desirable line for both seed yield per plant (33 to 40) g andprotein content (22.17 to 24.72%) as compared to other lines.
Highlights
Chickpea is the second most cultivated grain legume in the world after phaseolus bean (Rubio et al, 1998; Rubio et l., 2004)
This research achieved in the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) in Syria and International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)
Seven local lines (K-6, G-35, D-15, F-20, B-17, H- 45 and M-20) have been selected from Syrian chickpea landraces (Table 1)
Summary
Chickpea is the second most cultivated grain legume in the world after phaseolus bean (Rubio et al, 1998; Rubio et l., 2004). Chickpea is traditionally grown as a rainfed spring crop in Syria, mainly on the soil moisture conserved during winter rains in areas with seasonal precipitation of about 300mm. Winter chickpea sowing produces correspondent plants with a longer flowering period and higher yield than those sown in spring. All winter improved varieties (Ghab3Ghab4- Ghab5) which released by international Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) were susceptible to the developed fierce lines of Ascochyta blight. Ascochyta blight has caused widespread yield losses in chickpea (Knights and Siddique, 2002), it can spread in epidemic form and results in 75 to 100% yield loss for the winter improved varieties. Chickpea farmers in Syria still keep and cultivate their own seeds generation to avoided winter sowing because of the risk of heavy crop loss. Syria’s flora includes several local cultivars and landraces of chickpea are found in diverse forms in many zone of Syria
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