Genotype distribution and behavioral risk factor analysis of human papillomavirus infection among Kazak women in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and genotype distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and the correlation between cervical lesions and analyze the risk factors for HR-HPV infection. Methods: In June 2018, a population-based study for cervical cancer screening in Tuoli county of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was conducted. A total of 2 000 Kazak women aged 25-64 years were included in the study. Three cervical exfoliated cells samples were collected from them for careHPV, PCR HPV, p16(INK4a), and liquid-based cytology (LBC) tests. Women with any positive test were referred for colposcopy with biopsies taken at abnormal sites. Histo-pathological diagnoses were used as the gold standard. Results: The overall prevalence of HPV was 14.55%, among which the infection rate of HR-HPV was 12.90%, which was even higher in the 50-54 years age group. The most prevalent genotypes of HR-HPV were HPV16 (2.80%), HPV51(2.35%), HPV52 (1.70%), HPV56 (1.50%), and HPV39 (1.20%). The most common HPV infection was a single infection (71.48%). In the age group of 50-54 years, the multiple infection rates were higher, with the majority of double infection (69.88%), and HPV42 and 56 were the most common co-infection types. HPV16 (31.82%), HPV51 (27.27%) and HPV18 (13.64%) were higher in cervical intraepithelial neplasia grade 1, HPV16 (57.14%) was higher in cervical intraepithelial neplasia grade 2, and HPV16 (55.56%) and HPV18 (33.33%) were higher in cervical intraepithelial neplasia grade 3 or worse. Results from the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher education, menopause, and syphilis infection increased the HPV infection. Conclusions: The most common prevalence genotypes of HR-HPV among Kazak women were HPV16, HPV51, and HPV52. The infection rate of HR-HPV among Kazak women was correlated with education level, menopausal status, and syphilis infection. Measures should be taken targeting high-risk factors. This result suggests that STD patients and women aged 50 and above should be encouraged for screening.