Genotoxicity of physical silver nanoparticles, produced by the HVAD method, for Chinchilla lanigera genome

Anna Grzesiakowska,Katarzyna Rymuza,Marta Kuchta-Gładysz,Olga Szeleszczuk,Marek Jan Kasprowicz

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-97926-9

Anna Grzesiakowska, Katarzyna Rymuza + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97926-9

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Abstract

Each year, growing demand for silver nanoparticles (AgNP) contributes to the search for alternative methods of their production. Stable AgNP with antibacterial properties, low toxicity to the environment and living organisms are especially valued. In the study presented here, an attempt was made to assess the toxicity of two AgNP solutions produced using the HVAD method to the Chinchilla lanigera genome. The AgNO3 solution was the indicator and reference for the harmfulness of AgNP. The study was carried out in vitro on bone marrow cells isolated from Chinchilla lanigera bones. The genotoxicity was assessed by comet assay, following the treatment of cells with three silver solutions: unstable and sodium citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles, as well as silver nitrate at three concentrations (5, 10 and 20 µg/L), after 3, 6 and 24 h. Based on the percentage of the DNA content in the comet tail and the tail moment, an increase in cell DNA integrity disruption was demonstrated in all tested variants: of solution, exposure time and concentration, compared to the control sample. A statistically significant correlation was determined between the level of induced DNA breaks and the concentration of the active solutions and the duration of their activity. A solution of silver nanoparticles stabilized with sodium citrate was shown to have the most harmful effect on bone marrow cells. Silver nitrate demonstrated a level of toxicity similar to these particles. Further studies are necessary to directly compare the genotoxic properties of AgNP produced using the HVAD method and the chemical method under the same conditions.

Highlights

Each year, growing demand for silver nanoparticles (AgNP) contributes to the search for alternative methods of their production
The average number of helix breaks (% DNA Tail) in the DNA treated with the analyzed solutions (AgNP, AgNP + C and AgNO3) at concentrations of 5 μg/ L for 3, 6 and 24 h did not differ significantly from the average cell damage in the control sample (Fig. 1)
The mean values marked with the letter b differ significantly from the control sample at p ≤ 0.05

Summary

Introduction

Each year, growing demand for silver nanoparticles (AgNP) contributes to the search for alternative methods of their production. In the study presented here, an attempt was made to assess the toxicity of two AgNP solutions produced using the HVAD method to the Chinchilla lanigera genome. The genotoxicity was assessed by comet assay, following the treatment of cells with three silver solutions: unstable and sodium citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles, as well as silver nitrate at three concentrations (5, 10 and 20 μg/L), after 3, 6 and 24 h. A solution of silver nanoparticles stabilized with sodium citrate was shown to have the most harmful effect on bone marrow cells. There, silver nanoparticles accumulate, blocking the cell cycle, inducing oxidative stress and leading to cell apoptosis. Accumulated in cells, they can disturb the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, ul. 5 0 aa a bb a ab a aaa bb b bb a aaa b b a bba control 5 μg/L 10 μg/L 20 μg/L 5 μg/L 10 μg/L 20 μg/L 5 μg/L 10 μg/L 20 μg/L

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