Abstract
Agaricus blazei Murrill, popularly known as the sun mushroom, is a native mushroom in SP, Brazil, that has been widely used in the treatment of cancer and many other pathologies in different parts of the world. A water-soluble protein-polysaccharide complex (1 -> 6)beta-D-glucan has been isolated from its fruiting body that showed immune-modulation activity. From organic extracts, linoleic acid has been isolated and determined to be the main substance with antimutagenic activity. Using both the micronucleus (MN) and comet (single cell microgel electrophoresis) assays, this study determined the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of A. blazei (AB) obtained from commercial sources or the following strains: a) strains AB 97/29 (young and sporulated phases); b) a mixture taken from AB 96/07, AB 96/09 and AB 97/11 strains; and c) commercial mushrooms from Londrina, PR and Piedade, SP, designated as AB PR and AB SP, respectively. The extracts from these mushrooms were isolated in chloroform:methanol (3:1) and used in vitro at three different concentrations. V79 cells (Chinese hamster lung cells) were exposed to the extracts under pre-, simultaneous and post-treatment conditions, combined with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Under the circumstances of this study, these organic extracts did not show any genotoxic or mutagenic effects, but did protect cells against the induction of micronuclei by MMS.
Highlights
The relation between diet and health has been widely recognized by many people throughout the centuries
The results obtained in MN test demonstrated the absence of a mutagenic effect of the A. blazei organic extract at any of the concentrations studied, which was confirmed statistically
The extracts obtained from strain AB 97/29 in both development phases, AB mix, AB PR and AB SP showed antimutagenic activity at all three concentrations tested, demonstrating the ability to reduce the MN frequencies between 50 and 94% relative to the negative control
Summary
The relation between diet and health has been widely recognized by many people throughout the centuries. Diet in general is considered to be the largest source of mutagenic and carcinogenic substances for human beings Various studies, including those using short-term assays, have helped to identify a great number of antimutagenic properties found in some foods such as: b-carotene, ascorbic acid, linoleic acid, a-tocopherol, vanillin, chlorophyllin, polyphenols and components found in black and green teas and mushrooms (Brockman et al, 1992; Lohman et al, 2001). Immunological, hypocholesterolemic, antiviral, antibacterial and antiparasitic activities have been ascribed to some substances isolated from higher species of Basidiomycetes (Mizuno, 1995; Wasser and Weis, 1999; Ooi and Liu, 1999), among these, Agaricus blazei Murrill This mushroom has been used to combat physical and emotional stress, improve the quality of life for diabetics, and fight diseases such as osteoporosis and gastric ulcer, and as an effective antioxidant and anticarcinogen. Since some Basidiomycetes species are poisonous, it is necessary to obtain epidemiological and experimental data on the beneficial effects of the extracts of the species studied
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