Genomics for Genetic Rescue

Abstract

Genetic rescue, where new alleles cause increased population growth, has successfully reversed population declines in several iconic species. Concerns over outbreeding depression and genomic swamping limit this technique’s application in wildlife management. New genomic approaches can improve the implementation and monitoring of genetic rescue, making it an even more effective management strategy. In planning stages, genomics can help identify populations that would benefit most from augmented gene flow and populations and individuals that would be the best sources. After augmented gene flow, genomics can be used to monitor the outcome of genetic rescue and determine if and when additional gene flow is needed. Here, we outline specific ways in which genomics can be used to (1) test for inbreeding and inbreeding depression; (2) predict the probability that gene flow will cause outbreeding depression versus genetic rescue; (3) monitor the results of assisted gene flow; and (4) determine the genetic architecture underlying genetic rescue to improve future attempts. We conclude by outlining recommendations on how genomic data can be used to improve the effectiveness of genetic rescue and reduce uncertainty about its outcome.