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Abstract
BackgroundMycoplasma bovis is an important etiologic agent of bovine mycoplasmosis affecting cattle production and animal welfare. In the past in Israel, M. bovis has been most frequently associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and was rarely isolated from mastitis. This situation changed in 2008 when M. bovis-associated mastitis emerged in Israel. The aim of this study was to utilize whole genome sequencing to evaluate the molecular epidemiology and genomic diversity of M. bovis mastitis-associated strains and their genetic relatedness to M. bovis strains isolated from BRD in local feedlot calves and those imported to Israel from different European countries and Australia.ResultsPhylogeny based on total single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of 225 M. bovis genomes clearly showed clustering of isolates on the basis of geographical origin: strains isolated from European countries clustered together and separately from Australian and Chinese isolates, while Israeli isolates were found in the both groups. The dominant genotype was identified among local mastitis-associated M. bovis isolates. This genotype showed a close genomic relatedness to M. bovis strains isolated from calves imported to Israel from Australia, to original Australian M. bovis strains, as well as to strains isolated in China.ConclusionsThis study represents the first comprehensive high-resolution genome-based epidemiological analysis of M. bovis in Israel and illustrates the possible dissemination of the pathogen across the globe by cattle trade.
Highlights
Mycoplasma bovis is an important etiologic agent of bovine mycoplasmosis affecting cattle production and animal welfare
The aim of this study was to utilize whole genome sequencing (WGS)-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) to evaluate the molecular epidemiology of Israeli M. bovis-mastitis strains and their genetic relatedness to M. bovis strains isolated from bovine respiratory disease (BRD) of local feedlot calves and those imported to Israel from Australia and various European countries
The phylogenetic tree generated based on the total-genome SNP matrix revealed 6 main clades (Fig. 3a; the same inferred tree with scale bar and bootstrap values can be found in Additional file 4)
Summary
Mycoplasma bovis is an important etiologic agent of bovine mycoplasmosis affecting cattle production and animal welfare. In the past in Israel, M. bovis has been most frequently associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and was rarely isolated from mastitis. This situation changed in 2008 when M. bovisassociated mastitis emerged in Israel. The national cattle population is divided into 3 sectors: (a) pastured animals account for about 400 herds – approximately 60,000 heads; (b) feedlots, with about 500 herds – approximately 300,000 head, from which more than two thirds are calves imported from Australia and different European countries (Fig. 1); and (c) dairy farms with approximately 736 herds – around 250,000 head, 125,000 of which are milking cows. M. bovis is a component of the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) and a significant concern to livestock producers around the world [9, 10]
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