Abstract
Cool season grain legumes occupy an important place among the agricultural crops and essentially provide multiple benefits including food supply, nutrition security, soil fertility improvement and revenue for farmers all over the world. However, owing to climate change, the average temperature is steadily rising, which negatively affects crop performance and limits their yield. Terminal heat stress that mainly occurred during grain development phases severely harms grain quality and weight in legumes adapted to the cool season, such as lentils, faba beans, chickpeas, field peas, etc. Although, traditional breeding approaches with advanced screening procedures have been employed to identify heat tolerant legume cultivars. Unfortunately, traditional breeding pipelines alone are no longer enough to meet global demands. Genomics-assisted interventions including new-generation sequencing technologies and genotyping platforms have facilitated the development of high-resolution molecular maps, QTL/gene discovery and marker-assisted introgression, thereby improving the efficiency in legumes breeding to develop stress-resilient varieties. Based on the current scenario, we attempted to review the intervention of genomics to decipher different components of tolerance to heat stress and future possibilities of using newly developed genomics-based interventions in cool season adapted grain legumes.
Highlights
Cool season grain legumes are rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals such as iron, zinc, and folate
Few transcriptome studies identified the candidate genes that encoded synthesis of secondary and primary metabolites involved in heat tolerance in lentil [43]
There is a need to apply metabolomics for exploring the metabolites involved in heat-stress regulation in cool season grain legumes similar to other crop plants [235,236]
Summary
Cool season grain legumes are rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals such as iron, zinc, and folate. Health conscious people prefer use of plant-based protein in their diets even in developing countries over animal-based proteins [2] This is resulted in increasing the demand of grain legumes day by day. Conventional breeding approaches could not be very successful in developing the heattolerant cultivars in food legumes due to complex inheritance, except a few cases in chickpea and faba bean [8–10] and other warm season crops like cowpea [11]. In the recent past years, new knowledge have been generated in the area of genomics for tackling heat stress tolerance in cool season grain legumes, which were not covered in previously published review articles. In this review, we discussed current and future genomics inventions for heat stress tolerance in the context of cool season grain legumes
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