Abstract
DNA microarray technologies have advanced rapidly and had a profound impact on examining gene expression on a genomic scale in research. This review discusses the history and development of microarray and DNA chip devices, and specific microarrays are described along with their methods and applications. In particular, microarrays have detected many novel cancer-related genes by comparing cancer tissues and non-cancerous tissues in oncological research. Recently, new methods have been in development, such as the double-combination array and triple-combination array, which allow more effective analysis of gene expression and epigenetic changes. Analysis of gene expression alterations in precancerous regions compared with normal regions and array analysis in drug-resistance cancer tissues are also successfully performed. Compared with next-generation sequencing, a similar method of genome analysis, several important differences distinguish these techniques and their applications. Development of novel microarray technologies is expected to contribute to further cancer research.
Highlights
Microarray technology has been widely used for various fields such as medical science and basic biology
We provide an overview of the development of principle microarrays and the application of each array, and we introduce initial findings using the combination array
In 1996, DeRisi et al [5] published a method describing very high density cDNA microarrays on glass substrates using fluorescent probes, and these arrays were used to search for differences in gene expression associated with tumor suppression
Summary
Microarray technology has been widely used for various fields such as medical science and basic biology. These methods allow the analysis of exhaustive gene expression changes in specimens which were carried out for their genome analysis. Many studies using this technology are in the field of oncology, and these studies have identified a number of critical genes in cancer progression. We provide an overview of the development of principle microarrays and the application of each array, and we introduce initial findings using the combination array. The last section describes the application, limitations, association with next-generation sequencing, and future prospects
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