Genomic selection for individual feed efficiency in the European seabass: Response to selection on efficiency, commercial traits and sex

Abstract

Feed efficiency is a key factor in the sustainability of fish farming. Improving feed efficiency not only results in cost savings, but also helps to reduce the environmental footprint associated with feed production and to mitigate competition for feed resources. However, improving feed efficiency through genetic selection poses challenges, mainly due to the difficulty of accurately estimating it in a large population, especially under conventional rearing conditions. In a previous study, a methodology was developed to estimate the individual feed efficiency of sea bass in separate tanks under controlled feeding regimes during the juvenile phase. This approach allowed precise measurement of growth, feed intake and individual feed conversion ratio (iFCR) of each fish. Daily growth rate (iDGC) was found to be highly heritable (h2 = 0.75), and a reliable predictor of iFCR under restricted feeding conditions. In the present study, we aim to demonstrate the response to selection on feed efficiency, commercial traits and sex.From a cohort of 399 sea bass with known iDGC and genotyped for 1110 SNP markers, we selected 27 future efficient parents (Eff+), 35 intermediate parents (Eff0) and 29 inefficient parents (Eff-) by genomic selection (GBLUP). Three years later, 3 groups of offspring were produced from 9 Eff + parents, 13 Eff0 parents and 19 Eff- parents. Performances in individual aquaria (iDGC, iFCR) were assessed for 259 of them, as well as group feed efficiency (gFCR) from 142 g. At 240 g, the fish were slaughtered to assess processing traits.The results showed that the Eff + group had superior efficiency (iFCR and iDGC) and better adaptability to tank conditions compared to the other groups. In the group evaluation phase, significant differences in feed efficiency were observed between Eff- (gFCR = 1.83) and Eff + (gFCR = 1.61) (p < 0.001), with Eff0 being intermediate. In addition, Eff + fish were larger (266 g, 27.4 cm) and leaner with lower Fulton K values compared to Eff0 (234 g, 26.1 cm) and Eff- (223 g, 25.5 cm). Although there were no differences in fillet yield, Eff + had a slightly higher viscerosomatic index. There was also a higher proportion of females in the Eff- (57.1 %) and Eff0 (51.6 %) groups compared to Eff + (43.9 %).In conclusion, selection for feed efficiency in individual tanks is an effective strategy for improving the performance of sea bass, resulting in significant improvements with a marked effect on growth rates. Despite a slight increase in the viscerosomatic index, fillet yield was not significantly affected.