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Abstract
Cultivated strawberry is the most widely consumed fruit crop in the world, and therefore, many breeding programs are underway to improve its agronomic traits such as fruit quality. Strawberry cultivars were vegetatively propagated through runners and carried a high risk of infection with viruses and insects. To solve this problem, the development of F1 hybrid seeds has been proposed as an alternative breeding strategy in strawberry. In this study, we conducted a potential assessment of genomic selection (GS) in strawberry F1 hybrid breeding. A total of 105 inbred lines were developed as candidate parents of strawberry F1 hybrids. In addition, 275 parental combinations were randomly selected from the 105 inbred lines and crossed to develop test F1 hybrids for GS model training. These populations were phenotyped for petiole length, leaf area, Brix, fruit hardness, and pericarp color. Whole-genome shotgun sequencing of the 105 inbred lines detected 20,811 single nucleotide polymorphism sites that were provided for subsequent GS analyses. In a GS model construction, inclusion of dominant effects showed a slight advantage in GS accuracy. In the across population prediction analysis, GS models using the inbred lines showed predictability for the test F1 hybrids and vice versa, except for Brix. Finally, the GS models were used for phenotype prediction of 5,460 possible F1 hybrids from 105 inbred lines to select F1 hybrids with high fruit hardness or high pericarp color. These F1 hybrids were developed and phenotyped to evaluate the efficacy of the GS. As expected, F1 hybrids that were predicted to have high fruit hardness or high pericarp color expressed higher observed phenotypic values than the F1 hybrids that were selected for other objectives. Through the analyses in this study, we demonstrated that GS can be applied for strawberry F1 hybrid breeding.
Highlights
Cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is an allo-octoploid (2n = 8x = 56) species that originated from an interspecific hybridization between Fragaria virginiana and Fragaria chiloensis (Darrow, 1966)
Because the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were almost evenly distributed on the subgenomes, we evaluated the homozygosity of the 105 inbred lines as the ratio of homozygous SNP genotypes of each line (Figure 2B)
The distribution of possible F1 hybrids indicated that some hybrids were genetically close to the 105 inbred lines, but most of the hybrids were genetically distinct from the inbred lines (Figure 2C)
Summary
Cultivated strawberries are usually propagated vegetatively from runners. Development and distribution of a new strawberry cultivar have been performed by selecting individuals with desirable characteristics and vegetative propagation. Farmers and breeders are dedicating substantial efforts to protect strawberry runners from viruses and insects. To solve these problems, the development of seedpropagated strawberry has been proposed as an alternative strawberry breeding method. The use of F1 hybrid breeding has two major advantages over the traditional vegetatively propagated strawberry breeding. One is the risk mitigation for infection by viruses and insects because seed infection has not been reported in major diseases in strawberry. F1 hybrid breeding has the potential to be a new standard in strawberry breeding
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