Abstract
Simple SummaryGiven the importance of genomic instability signatures in the management of ovarian cancer and the difficulties in defining the role of immunotherapy, our objective was to describe the tumor immune microenvironment in the light of genomic instability signatures. Intratumoral CD3+ T lymphocytes confirmed its prognostic value. HLA-E appears to be a robust prognostic biomarker and preferentially overexpressed in homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) ovarian cancers. Our data provide a rationale for future immunotherapy strategies targeting the inhibitory CD94/NKG2A receptor of HLA-E in HRD tumors.Background: Following disappointing results with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in ovarian cancer, it is essential to explore other immune targets. The aim of this study is to describe the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) according to genomic instability in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) patients receiving primary debulking surgery followed by carboplatin-paclitaxel chemotherapy +/− nintedanib. Methods: 103 HGSOC patients’ tumor samples from phase III AGO-OVAR-12 were analyzed. A comprehensive analysis of the TME was performed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray. Comparative genomic hybridization was carried out to evaluate genomic instability signatures through homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score, genomic index, and somatic copy number alterations. The relationship between genomic instability and TME was explored. Results: Patients with high intratumoral CD3+ T lymphocytes had longer progression-free survival (32 vs. 19.6 months, p = 0.009) and overall survival (OS) (median not reached). High HLA-E expression on tumor cells was associated with a longer OS (median OS not reached vs. 52.9 months, p = 0.002). HRD profile was associated with high HLA-E expression on tumor cells and an improved OS. In the multivariate analysis, residual tumor, intratumoral CD3, and HLA-E on tumor cells were more predictive than other parameters. Conclusions: Our results suggest HLA-E/CD94-NKG2A/2C is a potential immune target particularly in the HRD positive ovarian carcinoma subgroup.
Highlights
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer, with a 5-year survival less than 50%
Ovarian cancer and upfront debulking surgery that were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive six cycles of carboplatin and paclitaxel followed by maintenance nintedanib or placebo
In line with HLA-E overexpression described in microsatellite instable tumors in colorectal cancer [38], we reported a higher prevalence of HLA-E overexpression in homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) tumors that are known to be more immune infiltrated, due to their genomic instability
Summary
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer, with a 5-year survival less than 50%. High grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) accounts for more than 75% of epithelial ovarian cancers and about 50% of HGSOC have defects in the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway, called homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Following disappointing results with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in ovarian cancer, it is essential to explore other immune targets. The aim of this study is to describe the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) according to genomic instability in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) patients receiving primary debulking surgery followed by carboplatinpaclitaxel chemotherapy +/− nintedanib. Results: Patients with high intratumoral CD3+ T lymphocytes had longer progression-free survival (32 vs 19.6 months, p = 0.009) and overall survival (OS) (median not reached). High HLA-E expression on tumor cells was associated with a longer OS (median OS not reached vs 52.9 months, p = 0.002). HRD profile was associated with high HLA-E expression on tumor cells and an improved OS.
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