Abstract
Genetic relationships among 28 new improved rice varieties were established using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Cultivars were analyzed with 10 EcoR1 and MseI primer combinations. A total of 517 fluorescent AFLP markers were generated and analyzed. Of these 480 fragments were polymorphic (92.84%) and 37 (7.16%) fragments were monomorphic. The Jaccard’s similarity indices (J) based on the AFLP profiles of the 28 varieties were computed and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) based dendrogram was constructed. The dendrogram separated varieties into three major clusters. Outliers used in the study were uniquely separated from the rest confirming the reliability of data and analysis. The Cophenetic correlation with 0.862 strongly supported the clustering pattern of UPGMA dendrogram. Principal Coordinate analysis and the unrooted tree also confirmed the clustering pattern of the UPGMA dendrogram. Rice varieties in the same cluster showed similar characteristic features (Eg. Grain colour, life span etc). Therefore this genetic diversity data at molecular level will provide detailed estimates of the genetic variation among Sri Lankan new improved rice varieties and also useful in ex situ and in situ genetic conservation, utilization and exchange of genetic material. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(1): 32-38
Highlights
Rice is the staple food of 20 million Sri Lankans and the livelihood of more than 1.8 million farmer families (Sandika and Dushani, 2009)
Level of Polymorphism A total of 517 fluorescent Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers were generated from ten primer combination
Sixteen EcoR1 and Mse1 selective amplification primer combinations were initially screened and only ten pairs of primers which generated good amplification and distinct polymorphism with all 28 improved rice varieties were selected for data analysis
Summary
Rice is the staple food of 20 million Sri Lankans and the livelihood of more than 1.8 million farmer families (Sandika and Dushani, 2009). Farmers cultivated traditional rice varieties, because of their adaptability to Sri Lankan soil types, climate, geography and harsh environmental conditions even though the grain yield potential of those varieties were very low (Rajkumar et al, 2011). Almost all rice varieties grown today in Sri Lanka are new improved varieties. Total rice production in Sri Lanka has gradually increased during the past 30 years. The 1970s and 1980s were dedicated to developing high yielding varieties resistance to a host of major pest and diseases prevalent in Sri Lankan rice fields such as brown planthopper, rice gall midge, rice blast and bacterial leaf blight. Sri Lankan scientists have developed more than 60 New Improved Varieties (NIV) during the past 50 years and some of them are widely adopted in Sri Lanka but released in other Asian, African and Latin American countries (IRRI report). Sri Lanka at present is self-sufficient in rice production as a result of these achievements
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