Abstract
In the past decades, we have witnessed dramatic changes in clinical diagnoses and treatments due to the revolutions of genomics and personalized medicine. Undoubtedly we also met many challenges when we use those advanced technologies in drug discovery and development. In this review, we describe when genomic information is applied in personal healthcare in general. We illustrate some case examples of genomic discoveries and promising personalized medicine applications in the area of neurological disease particular. Available data suggest that individual genomics can be applied to better treat patients in the near future.
Highlights
The field of genetics is the study of genes, inheritance and genetic variation, while genomics is the study of the complete DNA sequence in the genome
Personalized medicine refers to the use of individual unique genomic information to optimize patient care
We describe the important roles of genomic information applied in personal healthcare in general (Figure 1)
Summary
The field of genetics is the study of genes, inheritance and genetic variation, while genomics is the study of the complete DNA sequence in the genome. Genomics gave birth to a series of other omics that refer to the complete collection of gene derivatives such as proteins, transcripts, or metabolites. Personalized medicine refers to the use of individual unique genomic information to optimize patient care. We describe the important roles of genomic information applied in personal healthcare in general (Figure 1). Disease susceptibility and risk can be identified at birth using. Dynamic testing, including the profiles of mRNAs and microRNAs, and proteins and metabolites, combined with molecular imaging modalities may provide more precise means to access the risk of individuals during early initiating events of the disease. When the decision is made to treat a condition, the selection of a therapy can be directed by the patient’s genetic makeup as well as by the understanding of the disease’s mechanism
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