Abstract
We discuss genomic detection of Schmallenberg virus in both Culicoides midges and affected ruminants during June 2018–December 2019, demonstrating its circulation in Israel. This region is a geographic bridge between 3 continents and may serve as an epidemiologic bridge for potential Schmallenberg virus spread into Asia.
Highlights
We discuss genomic detection of Schmallenberg virus in both Culicoides midges and affected ruminants during June 2018–December 2019, demonstrating its circulation in Israel
Notable examples from the Simbu serogroup are Akabane virus (AKAV), Aino virus, Schmallenberg virus (SBV), Sathuperi virus (SATV), Shamonda virus (SHAV), Peaton virus (PEAV), and Shuni virus (SHUV, which is suspected of infecting humans.)
Of the 31 species-specific pools from the 4 Culicoides midge species that are known or suspected to be vectors of Simbu serogroup viruses (i.e., C. imicola, C. oxystoma, C. puncticollis, C. newsteadii) [2,12,15], we found that 11 contained RNA of Simbu serogroup viruses in 2018 and 2019 (35% of the total pools tested) (Table 2; Figure; Appendix Table)
Summary
§Farms expecting a rate of 80%–85% prolificacy, but during calving season showed only 50%–65% prolificacy. ¶Sheep farm from which both insects and malformed lambs were sampled. In the respective ruminants fits with viral infection in March–April 2019, suggesting exposure to SBV in Israel in early spring 2019. Reports on severe decline in progeny prolificacy, stillbirths, and malformed lambs were reported by farmers to the Veterinary Field Services from autumn 2018 through December 2019 (Table 2). The detection of SBV in Culicoides pools collected from several of those farms (Table 2, lines 3–5, 7–9, and 11–12 in the Sample column; Figure; Appendix Table) suggests that SBV might have been clinically affecting ruminants in Israel as early as June 2018
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