Abstract
Mastitis is a common and costly disease on dairy farms, commonly caused by Staphylococcus spp. though the various species are associated with different clinical outcomes. In the current study, we performed genomic analyses to determine the prevalence of adhesion, biofilm, and related regulatory genes in 478 staphylococcal species isolated from clinical and subclinical mastitis cases deposited in public databases. The most prevalent adhesin genes (ebpS, atl, pls, sasH and sasF) were found in both clinical and subclinical isolates. However, the ebpS gene was absent in subclinical isolates of Staphylococcus arlettae, S. succinus, S. sciuri, S. equorun, S. galinarum, and S. saprophyticus. In contrast, the coa, eap, emp, efb, and vWbp genes were present more frequently in clinical (vs. subclincal) mastitis isolates and were highly correlated with the presence of the biofim operon (icaABCD) and its transcriptional regulator, icaR. Co-phylogenetic analyses suggested that many of these adhesins, biofilm, and associated regulatory genes could have been horizontally disseminated between clinical and subclinical isolates. Our results further suggest that several adhesins, biofilm, and related regulatory genes, which have been overlooked in previous studies, may be of use for virulence profiling of mastitis-related Staphylococcus strains or as potential targets for vaccine development.
Highlights
Mastitis is a common and costly disease on dairy farms, commonly caused by Staphylococcus spp. though the various species are associated with different clinical outcomes
The most frequent staphylococcal species associated with subclinical mastitis were S. chromogenes (15.6%), S. simulans (6.8%), S. xylosus (6.5%), S. haemolyticus (6.3%), S. cohnii (5.8%), S. epidermidis (5.5%), S. capitis (5.3%), S. sciuri (5.3%) (Table 1, Fig. 1)
Based on 16S RNA identification of the 478 available genome sequences, S. chromogenes (28.7%) and S. simulans (20.0%) were the staphylococcal species most frequently associated with clinical mastitis
Summary
Mastitis is a common and costly disease on dairy farms, commonly caused by Staphylococcus spp. though the various species are associated with different clinical outcomes. We performed genomic analyses to determine the prevalence of adhesion, biofilm, and related regulatory genes in 478 staphylococcal species isolated from clinical and subclinical mastitis cases deposited in public databases. The surface proteins encoded by sasH and sasF, play a significant role in virulence because they bind to host extracellular matrix and plasma components. They have been reported to be prevalent. The current work aimed to ascertain the prevalence of adhesion and biofilm genes by investigating whole genome sequences of Staphylococcus spp. from clinical and subclinical mastitis cases and evaluate the phylogenetic relationship of these isolates and determine if any adhesin or biofilm genes associated with acute bovine/bubaline mastitis
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