Genomic characterization and integrative properties of phiSMA6 and phiSMA7, two novel filamentous bacteriophages of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Abstract

Two novel filamentous phages, phiSMA6 and phiSMA7, were isolated from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia environmental strain Khak84. We identified and annotated 11 potential open reading frames in each phage. While the overall layout of the functional gene groups of both phages was similar to that of the known filamentous phages, they differed from them in their molecular structure. The genome of phiSMA6 is a mosaic that evolved by acquiring genes from at least three different filamentous S. maltophilia phages and one Xanthomonas campestris phage related to Cf1. In the phiSMA6 genome, a gene similar to the bacterial gene encoding the mating pair formation protein trbP was also found. We showed that phiSMA6 possesses lysogenic properties and upon induction produces high-titer lysates. The genome of phiSMA7 possesses a unique structure and was found to be closely related to a prophage present in the chromosome of the completely sequenced S. maltophilia clinical strain D457. We suggest that the other three filamentous phages of S. maltophilia described previously also have the capacity to integrate into the genome of their bacterial host.