Genomic changes and biochemical alterations of seed protein and oil content in a subset of fast neutron induced soybean mutants

Nazrul Islam,Wesley Garrett,Jeff Roessler,Adrian O Stec,Song Qijian,Robert M Stupar,Devanand L Luthria,Savithiry S Natarajan

doi:10.1186/s12870-019-1981-x

Nazrul Islam, Wesley Garrett + Show 6 more

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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-1981-x

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Abstract

BackgroundSoybean is subjected to genetic manipulation by breeding, mutation, and transgenic approaches to produce value-added quality traits. Among those genetic approaches, mutagenesis through fast neutrons radiation is intriguing because it yields a variety of mutations, including single/multiple gene deletions and/or duplications. Characterizing the seed composition of the fast neutron mutants and its relationship with gene mutation is useful towards understanding oil and protein traits in soybean.ResultsFrom a large population of fast neutron mutagenized plants, we selected ten mutants based on a screening of total oil and protein content using near infra-red spectroscopy. These ten mutants were regrown, and the seeds were analyzed for oil by GC-MS, protein profiling by SDS-PAGE and gene mapping by comparative genomic hybridization. The mutant 2R29C14Cladecr233cMN15 (nicknamed in this study as L10) showed higher protein and lower oil content compared to the wild type, followed by three other lines (nicknamed in this study as L03, L05, and L06). We characterized the fatty acid methyl esters profile of the trans-esterified oil and found the presence of five major fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids) at varying proportions among the mutants. Protein profile using SDS-PAGE of the ten mutants did exhibit discernable variation between storage (glycinin and β-conglycinin) and anti-nutritional factor (trypsin inhibitor) proteins. In addition, we physically mapped the position of the gene deletions or duplications in each mutant using comparative genomic hybridization.ConclusionCharacterization of oil and protein profile in soybean fast neutron mutants will assist scientist and breeders to develop new value-added soybeans with improved protein and oil quality traits.

Highlights

Soybean is subjected to genetic manipulation by breeding, mutation, and transgenic approaches to produce value-added quality traits
Stacey et al [12] used fast neutron (FN) mutagenesis to elucidate the functional network of a GmHGO1 gene associated with homogentisate catabolism that lead to a brown seeded phenotype in soybean
A wide range of phenotypes was observed in the mutant population [7], and the surviving mutants produced healthy seeds for each successive generation

Summary

Introduction

Soybean is subjected to genetic manipulation by breeding, mutation, and transgenic approaches to produce value-added quality traits. Among those genetic approaches, mutagenesis through fast neutrons radiation is intriguing because it yields a variety of mutations, including single/multiple gene deletions and/or duplications. Characterizing the seed composition of the fast neutron mutants and its relationship with gene mutation is useful towards understanding oil and protein traits in soybean. Distinct FN-induced sequence rearrangements at a NAP1 gene model associated with stunted trichrome development in soybean has been reported [10]. Stacey et al [12] used FN mutagenesis to elucidate the functional network of a GmHGO1 gene associated with homogentisate catabolism that lead to a brown seeded phenotype in soybean

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