Abstract
BackgroundBathyarchaeota, a newly proposed archaeal phylum, is considered as an important driver of the global carbon cycle. However, due to the great diversity of them, there is limited genomic information that accurately encompasses the metabolic potential of the entire archaeal phylum.ResultsIn the current study, nine metagenome-assembled genomes of Bathyarchaeota from four subgroups were constructed from mangrove sediments, and metatranscriptomes were obtained for evaluating their in situ transcriptional activities. Comparative analyses with reference genomes and the transcripts of functional genes posit an expanded role for Bathyarchaeota in phototrophy, autotrophy, and nitrogen and sulfur cycles, respectively. Notably, the presence of genes for rhodopsins, cobalamin biosynthesis, and the oxygen-dependent metabolic pathways in some Bathyarchaeota subgroup 6 genomes suggest a light-sensing and microoxic lifestyle within this subgroup.ConclusionsThe results of this study expand our knowledge of metabolic abilities and diverse lifestyles of Bathyarchaeota, highlighting the crucial role of Bathyarchaeota in geochemical cycle.3Qbw1Hmq4FdXMcXgDYD2YYVideo abstract.
Highlights
Bathyarchaeota, a newly proposed archaeal phylum, is considered as an important driver of the global carbon cycle
Bathyarchaeotal Metagenomeassembled genome (MAG) were picked out and combined with reference bathyarchaeotal genomes to form a database, short DNA reads of Bathyarchaeota were recovered by remapping DNA reads of all samples to the genome database
Phylogenetic analyses of 16 ribosomal proteins were conducted with all available bathyarchaeotal MAGs (91 reference genomes from database and 9 MAGs from this study; Fig. 1a) and high-completeness MAGs, both of results show similar structure, confirming the valid subgroup assignments of bathyarchaeotal MAGs
Summary
Bathyarchaeota, a newly proposed archaeal phylum, is considered as an important driver of the global carbon cycle. Bathyarchaeota, formerly named MCG (Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group) [1], is a newly proposed archaeal phylum within the TACK (Proteoarchaeota) superphylum [2,3,4] It is a cosmopolitan phylum, inhabiting various anoxic environments, such as groundwater, paddy soil, hot spring, salt marsh sediments, estuary, mangrove sediments, seafloor, and hydrothermal sediments [5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Bathyarchaeota are the most abundant archaeal phylum in the mangrove and mudflat sediments of Futian Nature Reserve (Shenzhen, China) and Mai Po Nature Reserve (Hong Kong, China) [6, 22] Following those studies, the total DNA and RNA of sediment samples from these two places were sequenced for constructing genomes and transcriptomes of Bathyarchaeota, respectively. Together with all available bathyarchaeotal MAGs in the public database (including the dozens of MAGs released lately [23]), we aimed to (1) search for the new metabolisms of Bathyarchaeota; (2) compare metabolic potentials among bathyarchaeotal subgroups; and (3) further predict the roles of Bathyarchaeota in the geochemical cycle
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