Abstract
BackgroundSalinivibrios are moderately halophilic bacteria found in salted meats, brines and hypersaline environments. We obtained three novel conspecific Salinivibrio strains closely related to S. costicola, from Socompa Lake, a high altitude hypersaline Andean lake (approx. 3,570 meters above the sea level).ResultsThe three novel Salinivibrio spp. were extremely resistant to arsenic (up to 200 mM HAsO42−), NaCl (up to 15%), and UV-B radiation (19 KJ/m2, corresponding to 240 minutes of exposure) by means of phenotypic tests. Our subsequent draft genome ionsequencing and RAST-based genome annotation revealed the presence of genes related to arsenic, NaCl, and UV radiation resistance. The three novel Salinivibrio genomes also had the xanthorhodopsin gene cluster phylogenetically related to Marinobacter and Spiribacter. The genomic taxonomy analysis, including multilocus sequence analysis, average amino acid identity, and genome-to-genome distance revealed that the three novel strains belong to a new Salinivibrio species.ConclusionsArsenic resistance genes, genes involved in DNA repair, resistance to extreme environmental conditions and the possible light-based energy production, may represent important attributes of the novel salinivibrios, allowing these microbes to thrive in the Socompa Lake.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-473) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Salinivibrios are moderately halophilic bacteria found in salted meats, brines and hypersaline environments
S10B, S34 and S35 strains were isolated from stromatolite, sediment and water of Socompa Lake (S 24°35′34”W 68°12′42”) respectively, during February 2011 (Figure 1)
Extremophilic hydrolytic enzymes and energy production We found a diversity of genes coding for amylases, proteases, lipases and pullulanases in the genomes of the three novel strains that are related to enzymes that appear to function under broad ranges of salinity (0–4 M) and pH (8.5-10) [62]
Summary
Salinivibrios are moderately halophilic bacteria found in salted meats, brines and hypersaline environments. We obtained three novel conspecific Salinivibrio strains closely related to S. costicola, from Socompa Lake, a high altitude hypersaline Andean lake Socompa is a high altitude Andean lake (HAAL) located at the base of the still active Socompa volcano, at the northwestern part of Argentina in the Puna region, at about 3,570 meters above the sea level (masl). This lake presents unique features such as high alkalinity, hypersalinity and extremely high arsenic concentration. The study of salinivibrios from the Socompa Lake could provide us with a better understanding of the attributes of these bacteria and of possible aspects of genome evolution related to extreme environments
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