Abstract
Recording the fillet lipid percentage in European seabass is crucial to control lipid deposition as a means toward improving production efficiency and product quality. The reference method for recording lipid content is solvent lipid extraction and is the most accurate and precise method available. However, it is costly, requires sacrificing the fish and grinding the fillet sample which limits the scope of applications, for example grading of fillets, recording live fish or selective breeding of fish with own phenotypes are all limited. We tested a rapid, cost effective and non-destructive handheld microwave dielectric spectrometer (namely the Distell fat meter) against the reference method by recording both methods on 313 European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). The total method agreement between the dielectric spectrometer and the reference method was assessed by Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), which was low to moderate CCC = 0.36–0.63. We detected a significant underestimation in accuracy of lipid percentage 22–26% by the dielectric spectrometer and increased imprecision resulting in the coefficient of variation (CV) doubling for dielectric spectrometer CV = 40.7–46% as compared to the reference method 27–31%. Substantial genetic variation for fillet lipid percentage was found for both the reference method (h2 = 0.59) and dielectric spectroscopy (h2 = 0.38–0.58), demonstrating that selective breeding is a promising method for controlling fillet lipid content. Importantly, the genetic correlation (rg) between the dielectric spectrometer and the reference method was positive and close to unity (rg = 0.96), demonstrating the dielectric spectrometer captures practically all the genetic variation in the reference method. These findings form the basis of defining the scope of applications and experimental design for using dielectric spectroscopy for recording fillet lipid content in European seabass and validate its use for selective breeding.
Highlights
The European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is a major marine aquaculture species in the Mediterranean
The standard deviation was larger for LipidDSAve than LipidTrue and the coefficient of variation (CV) was substantially larger for LipidDSAve (Table 1)
As the calibration equation for lipid content in European seabass was developed in an independent calibration set, we make the distinction that the root mean square error estimated is a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and a good estimator on the error on measurement to be expected in independent populations
Summary
The European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is a major marine aquaculture species in the Mediterranean. European seabass store the majority of their ingested energy as lipids in the perivisceral compartment (Dias et al, 2005) and to a lesser extent in liver and the muscle. Whereas replacing fish meal with vegetable protein sources increases the muscle lipid content but has no effect on the liver lipid content (Dias et al, 2005; Torrecillas et al, 2017). Replacing fish oil with vegetable oil increases the liver lipid content but has limited effects on muscle lipid content (Dias et al, 2005; Torrecillas et al, 2017). The control of lipid depletion and deposition in different tissues and organs is an active field of research in European seabass
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