Abstract
BackgroundChloroplasts are one of the most indispensable organelles that make life forms on the earth possible by their capacity to photosynthesize. These organelles possess a circular genome with a number of coding genes responsible for self-regulation. tRNAs are an important evolutionary-conserved gene family that are responsible for protein translation. However, within the chloroplast genome, tRNA machinery are poorly understood.ResultsIn the present study, the chloroplast genome of six monocot plants, Oryza nivara (NC_005973), Oryza sativa (NC_001320), Sachharum officinarum (NC_006084), Sorghum bicolor (NC_008602), Triticum aestivum (NC_002762), and Zea mays (NC_001666) were downloaded and analyzed to identify tRNA sequences. Further analysis of the tRNA sequences in the chloroplast genomes of the monocot plants resulted in the identification of several novel features. The length of tRNAs in the chloroplast genome of the monocot plants ranged from 59 to 155 nucleotides. Pair-wise sequence alignment revealed the presence of a conserved A-C-x-U-A-x-U-A-x-U-x5-U-A-A nucleotide consensus sequence. In addition, the tRNAs in chloroplast genomes of the monocot plants also contain 21–28 anti-codons against 61 sense codons in the genome. They also contain a group I intron and a C-A-U anti-codon for tRNAIle, which is a common anti-codon of tRNAMet. Evolutionary analysis indicates that tRNAs in the chloroplast genome have evolved from multiple common ancestors, and tRNAMet appears to be the ancestral tRNA that underwent duplication and diversification to give rise to other tRNAs.ConclusionThe results obtained from the study of chloroplast tRNA will greatly help to increase our understanding of tRNA biology at a new level. Functional studies of the reported novel aspects of the chloroplast tRNA of the monocot plants will greatly help to decipher their roles in diverse cellular processes.
Highlights
Chloroplasts are one of the most indispensable organelles that make life forms on the earth possible by their capacity to photosynthesize
Evolutionary analysis indicates that Transfer RNA (tRNA) in the chloroplast genome have evolved from multiple common ancestors, and tRNAMet appears to be the ancestral tRNA that underwent duplication and diversification to give rise to other tRNAs
The results obtained from the study of chloroplast tRNA will greatly help to increase our understanding of tRNA biology at a new level
Summary
Chloroplasts are one of the most indispensable organelles that make life forms on the earth possible by their capacity to photosynthesize These organelles possess a circular genome with a number of coding genes responsible for self-regulation. Full list of author information is available at the end of the article various other molecular processes; including the synthesis of nucleotides, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, phytohormones, and several other metabolites [7,8,9,10,11,12] They contribute to the assimilation of nitrogen and sulphur [13,14,15]. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
