Abstract
We present the recently isolated virus vB_BthP-Goe4 infecting Bacillus thuringiensis HD1. Morphological investigation via transmission electron microscopy revealed key characteristics of the genus Phi29virus, but with an elongated head resulting in larger virion particles of approximately 50 nm width and 120 nm height. Genome sequencing and analysis resulted in a linear phage chromosome of approximately 26 kb, harbouring 40 protein-encoding genes and a packaging RNA. Sequence comparison confirmed the relation to the Phi29virus genus and genomes of other related strains. A global average nucleotide identity analysis of all identified φ29-like viruses revealed the formation of several new groups previously not observed. The largest group includes Goe4 and may significantly expand the genus Phi29virus (Salasvirus) or the Picovirinae subfamily.
Highlights
Bacteriophages or phages are viruses of bacteria and probably the most common biological entities on earth
We present the bacteriophage vB_BthP-Goe4 (Goe4) isolated with Bacillus thuringiens
Highest identities were recorded for the genes involved in morphogenesis and genes encoding the DNA-polymerase and the terminal protein located in the early region on the in the genome of Goe4
Summary
Bacteriophages or phages are viruses of bacteria and probably the most common biological entities on earth Phage species outnumber their hosts by 10 times [1] and represent the largest unexplored genetic reservoir. The DNA polymerase shows 30 -50 exo-nucleolysis activity, which enables proofreading and strand displacement, making accessory proteins like DNA helicases unnecessary. These features make the φ29 DNA polymerase an important tool for multiple displacement DNA amplification, in particular for long read lengths in genome amplification [9]. Φ29-like viruses are resources for novel enzymes, useful for applications in molecular biology (namely, amplification of DNA) and provide important insights into evolution of phage assembly and host interaction mechanisms. Its morphology and genome sequence were characterized, and comparative analysis of related strains revealed new groups of φ29-like phages
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