Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), is an acute transboundary viral disease of economic importance, affecting goats and sheep. Mass vaccination programs around the world resulted in the decline of PPR outbreaks. Sungri 96 is a live attenuated vaccine, widely used in Northern India against PPR. This vaccine virus, isolated from goat works efficiently both in sheep and goat. Global gene expression changes under PPR vaccine virus infection are not yet well defined. Therefore, in this study we investigated the host-vaccine virus interactions by infecting the peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from goat with PPRV (Sungri 96 vaccine virus), to quantify the global changes in the transcriptomic signature by RNA-sequencing. Viral genome of Sungri 96 vaccine virus was assembled from the PPRV infected transcriptome confirming the infection and demonstrating the feasibility of building a complete non-host genome from the blood transcriptome. Comparison of infected transcriptome with control transcriptome revealed 985 differentially expressed genes. Functional analysis showed enrichment of immune regulatory pathways under PPRV infection. Key genes involved in immune system regulation, spliceosomal and apoptotic pathways were identified to be dysregulated. Network analysis revealed that the protein - protein interaction network among differentially expressed genes is significantly disrupted in infected state. Several genes encoding TFs that govern immune regulatory pathways were identified to co-regulate the differentially expressed genes. These data provide insights into the host - PPRV vaccine virus interactome for the first time. Our findings suggested dysregulation of immune regulatory pathways and genes encoding Transcription Factors (TFs) that govern these pathways in response to viral infection.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0153-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), an acute viral disease of goats and sheep, characterized by fever, erosive stomatitis, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis and pneumonia is caused by Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV)
PCR, Real time PCR, Western blot analysis and Viral genome assembly confirm viral infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) Viral infection in the PBMCs infected with PPRV (Sungri/ 96 vaccine virus) was confirmed by PCR and Real time
Dysregulated TFs contribute to rewiring the expression landscape of the infected PBMCs As transcription factors (TFs) are the key regulators of gene expression that bind directly to the upstream regions of genes, we identified the transcription factors among the 985 differentially expressed genes that contribute to the transcriptional control of the 105 Differentially Expressed Highly Connected (DEHC) genes
Summary
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), an acute viral disease of goats and sheep, characterized by fever, erosive stomatitis, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis and pneumonia is caused by Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). Viruses from Asia are predominantly classified into lineage IV and refereed as Asian lineage. Sungri 96 (isolate of goat origin) was developed by Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Arasur 87 (isolate of sheep origin) and Coimbatore 97 (isolate of goat origin) were developed by Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University. All these vaccines are considered to be potent and safe [7]
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