Abstract
The resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to colistin, mediated by plasmid-borne mcr genes, is an emerging public health concern. The complete genome sequence (4.55 Mb) of a clinical isolate of Aeromonas veronii biovar veronii obtained from a patient with septicemia was determined using short-read and long-read platforms. This isolate (C198) was found to harbor a novel mcr-3 gene, designated mcr-3.41. Isolate C198 revealed adjacent mcr-3.41 and mcr-3-like genes. It contained one chromosome and two plasmids, both of which encoded a RepB replication protein. Other antimicrobial resistance genes, including blacphA3, blaOXA-12, tetA, rsmA, and adeF, were also present. Isolate C198 was resistant to amoxicillin–clavulanate, ampicillin–sulbactam and tetracycline, and showed intermediate resistance to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. The isolate was susceptible to piperacillin–tazobactam, carbapenem, third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, and aminoglycosides. Putative virulence genes in the C198 genome encoded type II, III, and VI secretion systems; type IV Aeromonas pili; and type I fimbria, flagella, hemagglutinin, aerolysin, and hemolysins. Multilocus sequence typing revealed a novel sequence type (ST), ST720 for C198. Phylogenetic analysis of the single nucleotide polymorphisms in C198 demonstrated that the strain was closely related to A. veronii 17ISAe. The present study provides insights into the genomic characteristics of human A. veronii isolates.
Highlights
Aeromonas veronii is a Gram-negative bacterium found in a variety of environmental niches, including water, seafood, meat, and vegetables, and occasionally in the feces of healthy individuals [1,2].It can cause several diseases in humans, including wound infections, pneumonia, hemolytic uremicPathogens 2020, 9, 1031; doi:10.3390/pathogens9121031 www.mdpi.com/journal/pathogensPathogens 2020, 9, 1031 syndrome, peritonitis, biliary sepsis, and septicemia [2,3]
In 2016, a Gram-negative bacterium was isolated from a blood specimen of a 68-year-old male with septicemia who was admitted to a tertiary hospital in southern Thailand
Analysis of its genome sequence using average nucleotide identity (ANI) and Kraken2 assigned the isolate to the biovar veronii, out of the two A. veronii biovars
Summary
Aeromonas veronii is a Gram-negative bacterium found in a variety of environmental niches, including water, seafood, meat, and vegetables, and occasionally in the feces of healthy individuals [1,2]. It can cause several diseases in humans, including wound infections, pneumonia, hemolytic uremic. Plasmid-borne antimicrobial resistance determinants have been detected in Aeromonas spp. isolated from freshwater, animals, and even humans [6]. The plasmid-borne genes mcr-1–10 confer resistance to colistin, which is administered as a last-line therapeutic intervention for the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections [7]. We investigated the genomic characteristics, plasmids, antimicrobial resistance, and antimicrobial susceptibility of this isolate
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