Abstract
Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop and food legume that is highly susceptible to biotic and abiotic factors. Wild Arachis species represent useful genetic resources because of their resistance to pests and diseases. In particular, understanding the affinity between B-genome species is important for broadening the genetic base of A. hypogaea (AABB genome), since only one population of A. ipaensis is known, and relatively few other species have been described. Therefore, we aimed to determine the genomic affinity between A. ipaensis and A. williamsii by developing hybrids. Microsatellite markers verified the hybrid status, and chromosome pairing and pollen viability results revealed that the species share high genomic affinity. Additionally, the presence of dyads detected in sporad and pollen analyses indicated the production of 2n gametes. These results will be useful for performing evolutionary studies and developing strategies for introgression programs to improve the B genome of A. hypogaea.
Highlights
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L., Fabaceae) is one of the most cultivated legumes in the world, as it is a valuable source of oil and protein (Kamdar et al 2020)
The only commercially acceptable method for improving cultivated peanut is traditional gene introgression (Cason et al 2019), which is restricted to species of the section Arachis, as A. hypogaea belongs to this group
A. ipaënsis was used as the female parent in 158 pollinations (44.89%), with peg development in 48.73%, whereas A. williamsii was the female parent in 194 crosses (55.11%), forming pegs in 25.26% of cases
Summary
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L., Fabaceae) is one of the most cultivated legumes in the world, as it is a valuable source of oil and protein (Kamdar et al 2020). It is an allotetraploid (2n=4x=40; AABB) originated by hybridization between A. duranensis Krapov. The introgression of resistance genes from wild species into A. hypogaea can be performed by obtaining induced hybrids from crosses between wild diploid species, duplicating chromosomes of the hybrids using colchicine, and crossing with the peanut (Simpson 1991). Since closely related species are more likely to produce fertile progenies, selecting
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