Abstract
BackgroundHeat shock transcription factor (Hsfs) is widely found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Hsfs can not only help organisms resist high temperature, but also participate in the regulation of plant growth and development (such as involved in the regulation of seed maturity and affects the root length of plants). The Hsf gene was first isolated from yeast and then gradually found in plants and sequenced, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, maize. Tartary buckwheat is a rutin-rich crop, and its nutritional value and medicinal value are receiving more and more attention. However, there are few studies on the Hsf genes in Tartary buckwheat. With the whole genome sequence of Tartary buckwheat, we can effectively study the Hsf gene family in Tartary buckwheat.ResultsAccording to the study, 29 Hsf genes of Tartary buckwheat (FtHsf) were identified and renamed according to location of FtHsf genes on chromosome after removing a redundant gene. Therefore, only 29 FtHsf genes truly had the functional characteristics of the FtHsf family. The 29 FtHsf genes were located on 8 chromosomes of Tartary buckwheat, and we found gene duplication events in the FtHsf gene family, which may promote the expansion of the FtHsf gene family. Then, the motif compositions and the evolutionary relationship of FtHsf proteins and the gene structures, cis-acting elements in the promoter, synteny analysis of FtHsf genes were discussed in detail. What’s more, we found that the transcription levels of FtHsf in different tissues and fruit development stages were significantly different by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), implied that FtHsf may differ in function.ConclusionsIn this study, only 29 Hsf genes were identified in Tartary buckwheat. Meanwhile, we also classified the FtHsf genes, and studied their structure, evolutionary relationship and the expression pattern. This series of studies has certain reference value for the study of the specific functional characteristics of Tartary buckwheat Hsf genes and to improve the yield and quality of Tartary buckwheat in the future.
Highlights
Heat shock transcription factor (Hsfs) is widely found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Hsf proteins were used as initial queries on the NCBI protein database by BLASTp, further verifying that Hsf proteins derived from Tartary buckwheat belong to the Hsf gene family
Of the 29 FtHsf genes, 13 pairs of fragment duplication were found, with the most duplication events on chromosome 1 and chromosome 6 and only one on chromosome 4 and chromosome 5 (Fig. 5). These results showed that gene duplication may be the cause of the formation of some FtHsf genes and that these fragment duplication events were the main cause of FtHsfs evolution [42]
Summary
Heat shock transcription factor (Hsfs) is widely found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Heat shock transcription factors are the main regulator of heat stress response, and it is important for eukaryotes and prokaryotes to resist high temperature [5,6,7,8]. There is a ubiquitous heat shock response mechanism in plants, which includes a series of complex reactions, such as new protein synthesis, folding, specific biological functions and so on. In these proteins, Hsps as molecular chaperones, are essential to maintaining or restoring protein homeostasis [15,16,17,18,19]. It is worth noting that there is a AHA region which only exists in some members of group A, and the AHA region is the key area for Hsfs to play a selfactivating role [21, 24]
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