Abstract
BackgroundLysin motif-containing proteins (LYP), which act as pattern-recognition receptors, play central roles in growth, node formation, and responses to biotic stresses. The sequence of Chinese white pear genome (cv. ‘Dangshansuli’) along with the seven other species of Rosaceae has already been reported. Although, in these fruit crops, there is still a lack of clarity regarding the LYP family genes and their evolutionary history.ResultsIn the existing study, eight Rosaceae species i.e., Pyrus communis, Prunus persica, Fragaria vesca, Pyrus bretschneideri, Prunus avium, Prunus mume, Rubus occidentalis, and Malus × domestica were evaluated. Here, we determined a total of 124 LYP genes from the underlined Rosaceae species. While eighteen of the genes were from Chinese white pear, named as PbrLYPs. According to the LYPs structural characteristics and their phylogenetic analysis, those genes were classified into eight groups (group LYK1, LYK2, LYK3, LYK4/5, LYM1/3, LYM2, NFP, and WAKL). Dispersed duplication and whole-genome duplication (WGD) were found to be the most contributing factors of LYP family expansion in the Rosaceae species. More than half of the duplicated PbrLYP gene pairs were dated back to the ancient WGD (~ 140 million years ago (MYA)), and PbrLYP genes have experienced long-term purifying selection. The transcriptomic results indicated that the PbrLYP genes expression was tissue-specific. Most PbrLYP genes showed differential expression in leaves under fungal pathogen infection with two of them located in the plasmalemma.ConclusionA comprehensive analysis identified 124 LYP genes in eight Rosaceae species. Our findings have provided insights into the functions and characteristics of the Rosaceae LYP genes and a guide for the identification of other candidate LYPs for further genetic improvements for pathogen-resistance in higher plants.
Highlights
Lysin motif-containing proteins (LYP), which act as pattern-recognition receptors, play central roles in growth, node formation, and responses to biotic stresses
AtCERK1 is essential for chitin signaling pathway in Arabidopsis by forming hetero-oligomeric complexes with LYK5 to initiate downstream PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI), and LYK4 is involved in that pathway having functions partly redundant with LYK5
One hundred twenty-four full-length LYP genes were determined in the eight genomes of Rosaceae, along with the 18 LYP genes of the Chinese white pear genome
Summary
Lysin motif-containing proteins (LYP), which act as pattern-recognition receptors, play central roles in growth, node formation, and responses to biotic stresses. ‘Dangshansuli’) along with the seven other species of Rosaceae has already been reported In these fruit crops, there is still a lack of clarity regarding the LYP family genes and their evolutionary history. Plants can recognize PAMPs via recruiting plasmalemma localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) to initiate immune reactions, such as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) responses [3]. As a plant specific PRR family, the functions of lysin motif (LysM) containing proteins (LYPs) in fungal and bacterial microbe perceptions have been well studied in rice and Arabidopsis. LYPs are common in land plants and may have evolved before land colonization and symbiosis with mycorrhiza as a signaling module [6, 7], and most of LYPs that have been characterized were related to the perception of N-acetyl glucosamine containing molecules and/or to be involved in plant-microbe interaction pathway including activating of defense responses and establishment of root endosymbioses. In addition to activating innate immunity, LYPs in legumes are essential receptors for the perception of nodulation factors (NFs) released by rhizobia and the establishment of nitrogen fixing symbiosis [16,17,18,19,20,21]
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