Abstract

Calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins, as calcium sensors, play pivotal roles in plant responses to diverse abiotic stresses and in growth and development through interaction with CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs). However, knowledge about functions and evolution of CBLs in Gossypium plants is scarce. Here, we conducted a genome-wide survey and identified 13, 13 and 22 CBL genes in the progenitor diploid Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii, and the cultivated allotetraploid Gossypium hirsutum, respectively. Analysis of physical properties, chromosomal locations, conserved domains and phylogeny indicated rather conserved nature of CBLs among the three Gossypium species. Moreover, these CBLs have closer genetic evolutionary relationship with the CBLs from cocoa than with those from other plants. Most CBL genes underwent evolution under purifying selection in the three Gossypium plants. Additionally, nearly all G. hirsutum CBL (GhCBL) genes were expressed in the root, stem, leaf, flower and fiber. Many GhCBLs were preferentially expressed in the flower while several GhCBLs were mainly expressed in roots. Expression patterns of GhCBL genes in response to potassium deficiency were also studied. The expression of most GhCBLs were moderately induced in roots after treatments with low-potassium stress. Yeast two-hybrid experiments indicated that GhCBL1-2, GhCBL1-3, GhCBL4-4, GhCBL8, GhCBL9 and GhCBL10-3 interacted with GhCIPK23, respectively. Our results provided a comprehensive view of the CBLs and valuable information for researchers to further investigate the roles and functional mechanisms of the CBLs in Gossypium.

Highlights

  • Calcium ion (Ca2+) plays pivotal roles in mediating and regulating many fundamental growth and developmental processes and in response to various environmental stimuli (Luan, 2009; Kudla, Batistič & Hashimoto, 2010; Sarwat et al, 2013)

  • A total of 13, 13, and 22 Calcineurin B-like (CBL) genes were respectively detected in A genome (G. arboretum), D genome (G. raimondii) and AtDt genome (G. hirsutum) using 10 Arabidopsis CBL protein sequences as queries (Table 3)

  • The GaCBL and GrCBL proteins contained 199-279 and 209-253 amino acids (AA), respectively, while G. hirsutum CBL (GhCBL) were composed of 189-293 AA except GhCBL3-6, which consisted of 1326 AA

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Summary

Introduction

Calcium ion (Ca2+) plays pivotal roles in mediating and regulating many fundamental growth and developmental processes and in response to various environmental stimuli (Luan, 2009; Kudla, Batistič & Hashimoto, 2010; Sarwat et al, 2013). CBL-CIPK has been demonstrated to serve as an essential signaling network regulating plant responses to multiple abiotic stresses such as salinity, K+ deficiency, excess of Mg2+ and drought (Sanyal, Pandey & Pandey, 2015; Thoday-Kennedy, Jacobs & Roy, 2015; Mao et al, 2016). It modulates growth and development, absorption and/or transport of nitrate, ammonium and iron, sustaining of H+ homeostasis, and transduction of reactive oxygen species signals in plants (Sanyal, Pandey & Pandey, 2015; Thoday-Kennedy, Jacobs & Roy, 2015; Mao et al, 2016)

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