Abstract
BackgroundAlcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) plays an important role in plant survival under anaerobic conditions. Although some research about ADH in many plants have been carried out, the bioinformatics analysis of the ADH gene family from Triticum aestivum and their response to abiotic stress is unclear.MethodsA total of 22 ADH genes were identified from the wheat genome, and these genes could be divided into two subfamilies (subfamily I and subfamily II). All TaADH genes belonged to the Medium-chain ADH subfamily. Sequence alignment analysis showed that all TaADH proteins contained a conservative GroES-like domain and Zinc-binding domain. A total of 64 duplicated gene pairs were found, and the Ka/Ks value of these gene pairs was less than 1, which indicated that these genes were relatively conservative and did not change greatly in the process of duplication.ResultsThe organizational analysis showed that nine TaADH genes were highly expressed in all organs, and the rest of TaADH genes had tissue specificity. Cis-acting element analysis showed that almost all of the TaADH genes contained an anaerobic response element. The expression levels of ADH gene in waterlogging tolerant and waterlogging sensitive wheat seeds were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). This showed that some key ADH genes were significantly responsive to waterlogging stress at the seed germination stage, and the response of waterlogging tolerant and waterlogging sensitive wheat seeds to waterlogging stress was regulated by different ADH genes. The results may be helpful to further study the function of TaADH genes and to determine the candidate gene for wheat stress resistance breeding.
Highlights
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, EC1.1.1.1) is a zinc-binding enzyme that relies on NAD (P) cofactors to participate in the conversion between ethanol and acetaldehyde (Höög et al, 2003; Thompson et al, 2007)
The ADH gene family is a large family, which is mainly divided into three subfamilies: short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR)-ADH, medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR)-ADH and long-chain dehydrogenase/ reductase (LDR)-ADH (600~750 amino acid residues or about 385~900 amino acid residues) (Alka et al, 2013). (MDR)-ADH occupies a high proportion in the ADH gene family and usually contains zinc ligand in its activation site (Iaria et al, 2012; Min et al, 2012; Cheng et al, 2013)
RNA-Seq and quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of 3 ADH genes (Pbr013912.1, Pbr026289.1 and Pbr01252.1) in white pear were closely related to the content of aromatic compounds during fruit development (Zeng et al, 2020)
Summary
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, EC1.1.1.1) is a zinc-binding enzyme that relies on NAD (P) cofactors to participate in the conversion between ethanol and acetaldehyde (Höög et al, 2003; Thompson et al, 2007). RNA-Seq and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression levels of 3 ADH genes (Pbr013912.1, Pbr026289.1 and Pbr01252.1) in white pear were closely related to the content of aromatic compounds during fruit development (Zeng et al, 2020). Sequence alignment analysis showed that all TaADH proteins contained a conservative GroES-like domain and Zinc-binding domain. The expression levels of ADH gene in waterlogging tolerant and waterlogging sensitive wheat seeds were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) This showed that some key ADH genes were significantly responsive to waterlogging stress at the seed germination stage, and the response of waterlogging tolerant and waterlogging sensitive wheat seeds to waterlogging stress was regulated by different ADH genes. The results may be helpful to further study the function of TaADH genes and to determine the candidate gene for wheat stress resistance breeding
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