Abstract
BackgroundCONSTANS-like (CO-like, COL) are putative zinc-finger transcription factors known to play vital role in various plant biological processes such as control of flowering time, regulation of plant growth and development and responses to stresses. However, no systematic analysis of COL family gene regarding the plant development and stress response has been previously performed in any solanaceous crop. In the present study, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of COL family genes in petunia has been conducted to figure out their roles in development of organs and stress response.ResultsA total of 33 COL genes, 15 PaCOL genes in P. axillaris and 18 PiCOL genes in P. inflata, were identified in petunia. Subsequently, a genome-wide systematic analysis was performed in 15 PaCOL genes. Considering the domain composition and sequence similarity the 15 PaCOL and 18 PiCOL genes were phylogenetically classified into three groups those are conserved among the flowering plants. Moreover, all of the 15 PaCOL proteins were localized in nucleus. Furthermore, differential expression patterns of PaCOL genes were observed at different developmental stages of petunia. Additionally, transcript expression of 15 PaCOL genes under various abiotic and phytohormone treatments showed their response against stresses. Moreover, several cis-elements related to stress, light-responsive, hormone signaling were also detected in different PaCOL genes.ConclusionThe phylogenetic clustering, organ specific expression pattern and stress responsive expression profile of conserved petunia COL genes indicating their involvement in plant growth and development and stress response mechanism. This work provide a significant foundation for understanding the biological roles of petunia COL genes in plant growth, development and in stress response.
Highlights
CONSTANS-like (CO-like, Constans-like gene (COL)) are putative zinc-finger transcription factors known to play vital role in various plant biological processes such as control of flowering time, regulation of plant growth and development and responses to stresses
Bioinformatics analyses showed that the length of PaCOL proteins ranged from 336 to 467 amino acids, and their molecular weight varied from 37.53 to 51.39 kDa with a Isoelectric point (pI) ranged between 4.97 and 6.35
Inferred from the pI structures, all PaCOL proteins were acidic proteins, and the Grand average of hygropathicity (GRAVY) indicated that all these proteins were hydrophilic; since the GRAVY values of all were negative (Table 1)
Summary
CONSTANS-like (CO-like, COL) are putative zinc-finger transcription factors known to play vital role in various plant biological processes such as control of flowering time, regulation of plant growth and development and responses to stresses. No systematic analysis of COL family gene regarding the plant development and stress response has been previously performed in any solanaceous crop. A comprehensive genome-wide analysis of COL family genes in petunia has been conducted to figure out their roles in development of organs and stress response. Different numbers of the CO/CO-like (COL) gene family members were observed among diverse plant species. Group III contains one full B-box, a diverged zinc finger, and a CCT domain [6, 10, 11]
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